Mitochondrial Alterations Mediated by Exposure to Environmental Pollutants

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondria are targets for virtually all damaging agents. However, the dependence of the type of ultrastructural alterations on the chemical nature of the toxicant has not been established.

AIM: To study functional and ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria mediated by exposure to environmental pollutants.

The conducted analysis showed that toxic environmental pollutants realize their effect through the following mechanisms: oxidative stress, disruption of membrane protein balance, reduction of membrane potential, disruption of calcium homeostasis, release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm, reduction of adenosine triphosphate synthesis and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Ultrastructural alterations can be classified as follows: disorders in the distribution of mitochondria in the cell cytoplasm and general decrease in their number, modification of the general morphology of the organelle, including disorganization and loss of cristae, alteration of matrix density and its vacuolization, breakage of the integrity of the membrane, deposition of toxic agents within the organelle.

CONCLUSION: No dependence of the type of functional or ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria on the chemical nature of the damaging agent was found.

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About the authors

Lada V. Shabardina

Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Author for correspondence.
Email: lada.shabardina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8284-0008
SPIN-code: 8293-8305
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

Yuliya V. Ryabova

Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2677-0479
SPIN-code: 5062-2526

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

Vlada A. Bateneva

Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: bateneva@ymrc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4694-0175
SPIN-code: 9581-5285
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

Ilzira A. Minigalieva

Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0097-7845
SPIN-code: 3097-6100

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

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2. Fig. 1. The proposed mechanism of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on mitochondria: ROS — reactive oxygen species; POL — lipid peroxidation; ATP — adenosine triphosphate.

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