Higher-dose canakinumab therapy for refractory macrophage activation syndrome in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: two case reports


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Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening, potentially fatal complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) appears in non-remitted fever, cytopenia, coagulopathy, liver and CNS dysfunctions. Triggers of MAS could be disease activity, infections and medications. Known IL-1 is the key cytokine in pathogenesis of MAS and SJIA, and disease flare associated with increased amounts of different cytokines, especially IL-1β. Many cases of MAS are medically-refractory to traditional doses of cytokine inhibition and may require increased dosing of biologic cytokine blockade. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is typically a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of sJIA and associated MAS. When MAS occurs in the setting of sJIA treated with IL-1 inhibitors, then increased dosing of IL-1 blockers may be beneficial. This has been shown for anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, but this drug is currently not available worldwide. Another IL-1 blocker, canakinumbab (CKB), is a monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-1β, but does not also block IL-1α like anakinra. Herein, we describe 2 sJIA patients who developed MAS on standard doses of CKB (4 mg/kg). Both patients received an increased dose of CKB: 150 mg (7.5 and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively) with rapid and complete resolution of MAS. Later the CKB doses was tapered to normal regimen. No side effects or adverse events were noticed during usage of increased CKB doses. Increased dosing of CKB should be considered for CKB-treated sJIA patients who develop MAS on standard dosing.

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作者简介

Mikhail Kostik

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: mikhail.kostik@gmail.com
Associate Professor, Chair of Hospital Pediatrics

Tatyana Likhacheva

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: tatianasl@list.ru
MD, Research Fellow, Chair of Hospital Pediatrics

Irina Chikova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: irinachikova@gmail.com
MD, Research Fellow, Chair of Hospital Pediatrics

Natal’ya Buchinskaya

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: nbuchinskaia@gmail.com
MD, Research Fellow, Chair of Hospital Pediatrics

Natal’ya Abramova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: abrnatalia@yandex.ru
MD, the physician of ICU and Anesthesiology Department

Olga Kalashnikova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: koira7@yandex.ru
MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Hospital Pediatrics

Randy Cron

University of Alabama, School of Medicine

Email: rcron@peds.uab.edu
MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Professor

Vyacheslav Chasnyk

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: chasnyk@gmail.com
MD, PhD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics

参考

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版权所有 © Kostik M.M., Likhacheva T.S., Chikova I.A., Buchinskaya N.V., Abramova N.N., Kalashnikova O.V., Cron R.Q., Chasnyk V.G., 2014

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