Vaping lung damage (review)

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The review presents data from meta-analyses and original studies on the study of the vapers disease — electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) — a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by the consumption of electronic nicotine delivery vehicles, or vaping. The number of users are growing in around the world, especially among young people. According to a 2022 meta-analysis, the global prevalence of vaping use was 23%, including 16% in women and 22% in men. Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems among cigarette smokers reached 43%, while on different continents, except for Asia, during the life it was approximately the same: in America — 24%, Europe — 26%, Asia — 16%, Oceania — 25%. Vaping rates among children aged 15 to 17 are almost four times (21.3%) higher than those aged 12–14 (5.4%). Two-thirds (66.1%) of children aged 12 to 17 using electronic nicotine delivery devices were also smokers, while they started with vapes. Nicotine cartridges used by 89.3% of teen vapers aged 15 to 19 years. Vaping lung diseases have been reported since invention e-cigarettes, but the number of cases increased sharply at the end of September 2019, and by February In 2020, the number of hospitalized patients in the United States reached 2807, with 68 confirmed deaths. Most of the cases are male adolescents and men aged 13–34 years. The review discusses the etiology, clinical picture, imaging findings, pathological EVALI features. When examining patients with EVALI, computed tomography revealed images characteristic of acute lung injury and pneumonia, as well as those resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The article discusses the main differences between these diseases and the computed tomography picture of COVID-19. Before EVALI, vaping was associated with a wide range of pulmonary manifestations, including lipoid pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Although the overall prevalence of EVALI has declined sharply compared to with a peak in September 2019, other chemicals may appear that cause various pulmonary diseases associated with vaping. EVALI is a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by lung damage due to the use of electronic means delivery of nicotine. The appearance of radiographic images in EVALI is diverse: from bilateral opacities in the lungs to reveal centrilobular nodules resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When interpreting acute lung injury in young people, the possibility of EVALI should be considered.

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作者简介

Olga Titova

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: titovaon@spb-gmu.ru

MD, PhD, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director Research Institute of Pulmonology, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Pulmonology

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Valery Kulikov

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: vdkulikov@mail.ru

MD, PhD, Leading Researcher of Research Institute of Pulmonology

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Olga Sukhovskaya

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University; St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology

Email: ktc01@mail.ru

Dr. Biol. Sci., Department Head of Research Institute of Pulmonology, Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Centre Head, Tobacco Cessation Assistance Advisory Telephone Center, Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

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