Amyand’s hernia in adult and pediatric practice. Urological aspects

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Amyand’s hernia, an inguinal hernia that contains the appendix within the hernia sac, is a rare condition in surgical, and even more so in urological practice. It is difficult to diagnose due to its low frequency, anatomical atypicality and urgency. There are no review publications on this issue, and those that are available are mainly descriptions of individual cases. In this article an attempt was made to highlight the largest possible number of clinical observations that reflect the urological aspects of the problem and present them in a systematic manner. Aim — to analyze the available publications covering the urological aspects of Amyand’s hernia.

The literature review was carried out on the basis of publications covering the urological aspects of Amyand’s hernia in adults and children, published in PubMed databases and Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.ru. The search was carried out by the following keywords: “Amyand’s hernia”, “acute scrotum”, “inflammatory diseases of the scrotum”, “Fournier’s phlegmon”, “scrotal fistula” (in Russian and English). Taking into account the rarity of the analyzed problem, the analysis includes publications for the last 15 years. 189 publications related to the topic of the review were identified. 38 publications of the greatest scientific and practical interest were selected directly for citation in the review. The maximum number of available publications reflecting the “urological aspects” of Amyand’s hernia has been analyzed, and an attempt has been made to systematize them clinically. The variety of clinical manifestations caused by Amyand’s hernia is commonly referred to in the English literature as “Amyand’s hernia syndrome”. We have identified the following variants of the clinical course: scrotal fistula — a casuistic variant described in detail only by C. Amyand; picture of the “acute scrotum” syndrome — the most frequent variant of the clinical course of Amyand’s hernia with scrotal manifestations is noted mainly in childhood, however, it can also occur in adults in all age groups; phlegmon of the scrotum, phlegmon of Fournier — an extremely rare variant of the clinical course with scrotal manifestations, publications on this subject are rare.

Amyand’s hernia being a rare surgical problem in both children and adults, has a number of urological “masks”, causing diagnostic difficulties and is of some interest to the urologists.

全文:

介绍。
阿米安疝在外科手术中是一种罕见的疾病,特别是在泌尿科实践中。 如果在腹腔和腹股沟的手术中经常检测到腹股沟和阴囊中未改变的vermiform过程的病例,那么疝囊中阑尾的病理就不那么常见了。 Amiand的疝气首次描述于1735年,当时伦敦圣乔治医院的军事外科医生C.Amiand成功地对一名11岁男孩进行了手术,该男孩患有右侧腹股沟-阴囊疝,其中含有vermiform阑尾[1]。 瑞恩*W*J。 (1937)早在二十世纪的30年代,他指出了阴囊中脓肿形成的可能性,侵犯了腹股沟管中的vermiform过程,频率非常低,引用了0.13%的数字[2]。 A.Creese在1953中,术语"Amiand疝气"被引入临床实践[3]。 尽管自十八世纪中叶以来这种疾病很受欢迎,但由于问题的罕见性,解剖学上的非典型性和紧迫性,仍然难以诊断。 专业文献主要包含个别案例或小系列观察的描述,但没有概括性出版物。 这种疾病的阴囊表现的变体在孤立的着作中被描述,并且不受任何分析,更多的情况是,仅仅表明这种临床图像变体的可能性占上风[4;5;6]。 Amiand疝的诊断很复杂,主要基于计算机断层扫描和腹腔镜数据,这些数据并不总是在腹腔急性疾病中常规进行,临床表现的阴囊定位甚至更少鼓励使用这些 一般认为,Amiand疝,包括那些有阴囊临床表现的人,在儿童时期被检测到的频率是三倍[8]。 伊万舒克G。 (2014)注意到成年患者的这种变化,指出了兰花炎和睾丸扭转的鉴别诊断的复杂性[9]。 考虑到病理学的罕见性,我们认为关于这个问题的任何描述和出版物都具有一定的科学价值。 在我们的出版物中,试图突出尽可能多的临床观察反映问题的"泌尿学"方面,并试图将其系统化。
目标。 分析现有的出版物,涵盖阿曼达疝的泌尿学方面。
材料和方法。
文献综述是在涵盖成人和儿童Amyand疝的"泌尿学"方面的出版物的基础上进行的–Amyand疝临床病程的变体,模仿"急性阴囊"综合征,发表在PubMed数据库中(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)及科学电子图书馆Elibrary.ru (https://elibrary.ru /)。 评论中引用的出版物的选择仅限于同行评审期刊中的文章。
搜索由以下关键字进行:"Amiand疝","急性阴囊","阴囊炎症性疾病","Fournier's phlegmon","阴囊瘘"(英文类比)。
神圣方面的稀有性使得在过去15年(2007-2022)的工作中包括出版物成为可能。 在第一阶段,确定了与审查主题相关的189出版物。 不载有可供分析的资料的出版物和重复出版物被排除在外。 第二阶段,根据材料的相关性和来源的可靠性程度、期刊的影响因素以及工作中数据的逻辑呈现,直接选择了38部具有最大科学和实际兴趣的作品进行引
结果。
已经尝试分析反映Amiand疝的"泌尿学方面"的最大可能数量的出版物,并根据临床变体将其系统化。
由阿米安疝引起的各种临床表现在英国文献中通常被称为"阿米安疝综合征"。 我们已经确定了临床课程的以下变体:
-阴囊瘘;
-"急性阴囊"综合征的图片;
-阴囊的phlegmon,Fournier的phlegmon。
疾病本身的主要描述在某种程度上与泌尿科有关,以阴囊的粪便瘘为代表-在6.12.1753上,外科医生C.Amiand对一名11岁的患者进行了手术,该患者在腹股沟-阴囊疝
在某些情况下,"急性阴囊"综合征的表现可能表现在Amyand疝[10]。 Khanal B.(2020)在Amiand疝的临床图片中指出阴囊扩大及其酸痛的可能性[11]。 Brainwood M.(2020)分析了阴道过程受损的消失及其并发症的变体,还指出Amyand疝是形成"急性阴囊"症状复合物的罕见原因之一[12]。 Mahajan A.在他的工作中指出,需要对各种形式的急性阴囊综合征进行鉴别诊断–紧张的鞘膜积液,睾丸扭转,附睾炎[13]。 Salvatore p.[14]指出了Amiand疝中相同现象的发展。 诊断阴囊灾难的真正原因可能很困难。 Yodoshi T.(2018)描述了一名接受急性阴囊综合征图片治疗的新生儿患者。 在最初的治疗(物理数据,超声,X射线),图片被视为急性附睾炎,保守治疗被规定。 只有在反复访问诊所时,在阴囊腔内破坏性过程进展的背景下,当重复仪器方法时,在x射线和管状结构上检测到阴囊腔内的游离气体,该管状结构根据超声检查不排除阴囊腔内vermiform过程的位置,这需要手术干预,确认阴囊腔内vermiform过程的炎症[15]。 Erginel B.,(2017)发表了对新生儿腹股沟-阴囊疝穿孔阑尾炎的类似观察,具有显着的诊断困难[16]。 Omran A.(2019)对一名生命14天的患者进行了观察,其中临床图片显示完全是阴囊病理,超声波不允许排除诊断,患者被怀疑是精索扭转,在破坏性阑尾炎的背景下检测到术中pyocele,该过程位于阴囊[17]。 穆罕默德A. (2019)描述了一例新生儿19天的Amyand疝气病例;经检查,发现急性附睾炎的图片。 在阴囊和腹股沟区域的超声检查期间,仅检测到右侧睾丸的超声发生性增加和血管增生。 只有12小时后腹部并发症模式的发展迫使重复超声检查,然后进行剖腹手术[18]。
年龄较大时也可能出现类似的模式。 Khorramirouz R.(2015)引用了一名5岁患者的观察结果,该患者的阴囊急性炎症过程的图片是在由网膜梗塞复杂的Amyand疝的背景下形成的。 作者注意到没有特征性腹部症状,只发生阴囊变化。 一个有趣的事实是,在术前超声的参与下,在手术前建立了真正的诊断,这不是Amyand疝的特征,特别是其非典型过程。 他们进行了阑尾切除术,网膜切除术和腹股沟疝,并伴有腹股沟通路[19]。 Sharma S.B.(2004)在一名6岁患者中描述了类似的病例。 他观察到弥漫性腹痛,呕吐,可能发生睾丸扭转和急性阴囊综合征局部症状的发展; 手术内进行诊断,进行腹膜阴道过程的阑尾切除术和结扎[20]。 在极少数情况下,作者更加重视超声和多普勒超声在Amyand疝诊断中的可能性。 因此,Prando D.(2009)指出,UZDG对于从鉴别诊断中排除睾丸扭转非常有用,灵敏度为80%至98%,准确度为97%[21]。
文献中有一种观点认为,在新生儿期,由于临床图片的相似性,Amiand疝应包括在睾丸扭转和其他形式的急性阴囊综合征的鉴别诊断中[22;16]。 Milburn J.A.(2006)介绍了一名患有睾丸缺血的新生儿患者,该患者由于腹股沟管中阑尾炎症的背景下压迫精索。 [23].
Probert S.(2022)和Fernando J.(2002)指出需要在鉴别诊断和年龄较大的儿童中考虑这些条件,其中第一个代表了他们自己的临床观察,在一名11岁患者中诊断困难[24;25]。

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作者简介

Dmitry Shchedrov

Yaroslavl State Medical University; Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital

Email: shedrov.dmitry@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0686-0445
SPIN 代码: 7354-7379
Researcher ID: HHZ-7778-2022

Dr. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor of the Department of Urology and Nephrology, head of the Department of Pediatric Uroandrology

俄罗斯联邦, 5 Revolutsionnaya st., Yaroslavl, 150000; Yaroslavl

Igor Shormanov

雅罗斯拉夫尔国立医科大学

Email: i-s-shormanov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2062-0421
SPIN 代码: 7772-8420
Scopus 作者 ID: 6507085029

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, head of the Department of Urology with Nephrology

俄罗斯联邦, 150000,俄罗斯,雅罗斯拉夫尔,Revolutsionnaya str., 5.

Daria Garova

Yaroslavl State Medical University

Email: dar.garova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4457-9694
SPIN 代码: 5789-8889

clinical resident

俄罗斯联邦, 5 Revolutsionnaya st., Yaroslavl, 150000

Natalia Sidorova

Yaroslavl State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: nsidorova775@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-3624-8639

student

俄罗斯联邦, 5 Revolutsionnaya st., Yaroslavl, 150000

参考

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