Vol 26, No 5 (2024)

In recent years, there has been a downward trend in smoking, including among teenagers. But with the advent of electronic cigarettes and vaping, a rebound has been noted, especially among young people ‒ instead of regular cigarettes, the number of children smoking is growing. Electronic cigarettes/vapes have almost the same negative effects as smoking. The chemicals contained in vaping liquids can provoke the development of non-infectious inflammatory pneumonitis, and in a fairly short time from the start of smoking. Vaping-associated lung damage is a clinical diagnosis, established after excluding other respiratory diseases and has serious consequences. The information presented in the article requires stopping the reincarnation of smoking, especially among children and adolescents, through the use of electronic cigarettes/vapes and solving the problem of harm to health in essence.

Currently, the provision of dental care is carried out using high-tech equipment, tools, devices and materials that require a special level of training and knowledge. The coherence of interaction between a dentist and a nurse, who at the present stage in the treatment process becomes a doctor’s assistant, is a recognized necessity. The importance of the role of a dental assistant is increasing every year, and his activities are becoming increasingly diverse and affect many aspects of the diagnostic and treatment process.

There are a lot of dental clinics and every dentist prefers to work with a personal assistant. Difficulty arises because there are not so many assistants on the labor market. This situation forces clinic managers to think about the real need for each doctor to provide an assistant and return to the standard requirement for nurses in accordance with the nomenclature.

Bariatric surgery is the main method of treating pathological conditions associated with obesity. However, at present, there is still a frequent recurrence of obesity, a large number of complications, and lifelong monitoring and correction of emerging metabolic disorders are required. The article analyzes the results of modern bariatric surgery and provides a clinical example.

The well-established notion that obese patients are the leading factor in the development of a significant number of somatic diseases and related problems is well known. It is logical to expect a severe course of diseases and unfavourable general medical prognosis in obese people, but in recent years, sensational scientific publications have appeared that refute the established opinion of clinicians and pathophysiologists about the unambiguously unfavourable effect of obesity on human health. This strange fact has been called the “obesity paradox” and is considered an epidemiological discovery.

Insomnia is known to be a neurological disorder. Among the many reasons contributing to its development, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract occupy a special place. The violation of the regularity of the intestine by half is associated with three factors, such as: inadequate nutrition, reduced physical activity and a violation of the rhythm of sleep. Its proper functioning is the key to well-being. There is no doubt that at least 100 million nerve cells are concentrated in the intestine. Today, it has been scientifically proven that there is a direct relationship between the central nervous system and the intestine. It is also known that the intestinal microbiota helps regulate overall metabolism, hormone production and the digestive process. In this regard, without normalization of the digestive system, it is sometimes impossible to normalize sleep and psychoemotional state.

Based on long-term prospective monitoring of almost healthy people and significant epidemiological analyses around the world, a scientific concept of risk factors for coronary heart disease was created.

This concept determines the development of coronary heart disease and in practice has become the basis on which today’s provisions for the prevention of this pathology are based. At the moment, more than 200 possible risk factors have been identified that have an effect on the progression of coronary heart disease. Despite all this about 50–60, there is in fact a connection with the formation of pathology. For the activity of a doctor, a significantly smaller number of risk factors are important [1, 2].

Some children, due to certain circumstances, develop differently and have a number of delays in relation to other children. To help such children and their relatives, an early intervention system was created, directly in St. Petersburg, this is the ANO DPO “St. Petersburg Institute of Early Intervention”. In Russia, this system is known as the “early assistance system” (since 1992) and is now gradually being implemented everywhere at the state level. Early intervention is provided to children from birth to 3 years of age and their families. It is indicated for different groups of children. First of all, children with identified delays or developmental disorders in one or more areas (speech, motor, cognitive, emotional, self-care) need early help. A study of the work of the early intervention service was carried out on the basis of standard units of the system – kindergartens in St. Petersburg.