Vol 23, No 1 (2021)

Having started independent work, graduates of medical colleges (MC) experience a number of difficulties in the field of professional adaptation, many of which can be successfully solved during the period of obtaining basic education. The practice-oriented accents of the educational process in the MC, the use of active methods of obtaining manipulative skills, which include simulation training, contributes to the acquisition of practical experience of professional activity by students at the stage of theoretical and practical training, which favorably affects the adaptation of graduates to the first workplace in healthcare organizations.

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of patients in serious condition, who receive palliative and medical and social care around the world. Patients in serious condition are limited in basic life activities, therefore they cannot independently carry out hygienic measures and need outside help. To provide comfortable environment for this kind of patients, it is necessary to regularly perform hygiene measures. Oral hygiene is the main preventive measure performed both in stationary conditions by nurses and at home by the patient’s relatives, which must be carried out in accordance with all the rules, regardless of the person’s age and the state of health of his teeth. As far as daily practical hygiene is provided, it makes possible to achieve a comfortable circumstance for seriously ill patients. The article discusses the practical details of carrying out hygienic procedures in order to prevent the development of oral diseases for patients, who are being treated in somatic units of the hospitals, as well as in surgical and intensive care units, especially for patients, who are on artificial lung ventilation or after tracheostomy.

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency occurs in different countries and regions. It is detected with the same frequency among men and women (50:50). B12-deficiency anemia usually develops in middle-aged and elderly people. An increase in this disease has been noted in people who do not consume meat and dairy products. Therapy for B12-deficiency anemia is aimed primarily at eliminating the cause of the development of megaloblastic anemia. This is, first of all, correction of nutrition, abolition of drugs “guilty” in the development of megaloblastic anemia, deworming, treatment of other diseases that caused anemia.

The article presents original method of exercises that affect physical and mental activity, there by contributing to the proper level of cognitive prevention, so necessary for palliative care. This set of exercises is called «Resilience-gym». For the first time, the essence of the new approach in palliative care is not to focus on the fight against diseases, but on the formation of positive meanings of health, which consist in the prevention of diseases, improving the psychological state and esthetic health.

The high need for medical specialists, the remoteness and vastness of the territory, left their mark on the formation of medical and sanitary care in the Irkutsk province. The aim of the work is to study the history of the development of secondary medical education.