Vol 340, No 9 (2019)

Methodical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of implementing the results of project activities in the practice of military healthcare. The article outlines methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of implementing the results of project activities in the practice of medical support for the Armed Forces. The assessment methodology has been developed. Its objects, criteria for the effectiveness of implementation are determined: medical, economic, social, etc. The characteristic of two approaches to the integral assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the results of project activities - multi-criteria and single criteria is presented. Along with a quantitative assessment showing the degree of achievement of a standard result in fractions of a unit or a percentage, a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of introducing the results of project activities into the system of medical support for troops by the level of reliability was proposed. It is shown that the work of medical personnel of the Armed Forces can be attributed to productive work, and its costs should be included into the costing of the reproduction of labor-power. Therefore, this work should be allocated to a special, medical, branch of social production.

The main results of research work on the creation at the institute of means of indicating and identifying highly toxic substances, antidotes, means of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy of poisoning, means and methods of partial sanitization of skin and clothing are presented. Particular attention is paid to the prevention and emergency treatment of intoxication with organophosphate compounds, pulmonary toxicants, relief of toxic convulsive syndrome. A number of promising ways of increasing the effectiveness of the indication of highly toxic substances, emergency medical care for those affected, as well as preventing the development of organophosphate neuropathies leading to disability of the injured were noted. Methodical approaches to increasing the effectiveness of military professional activities of military personnel in high mountains have been substantiated, and preparations have been selected for the prevention of altitude sickness.

According to the results of their own research, performed by employees of the Department of Otolaryngology at the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in peacetime and wartime, as well as literature data, in 70-75% of cases, victims and wounded after mine-explosive wounds in the acute and distant period have impaired function of the auditory system of varying severity. Mine-explosive injury leads to an increase of irreversible pathological changes in the auditory system and the development of sensorineural hearing loss, including deafness and disability of the victims. Prolonged or pronounced short-term exposure to military labor factors also leads to the development of III-IV-degree sensorineural hearing loss in military personnel, deafness. A modern method for the restoration of auditory function is cochlear implantation, which can be carried out with mine-explosive damage to the auditory system one year after suffering trauma in the absence of post-traumatic deformity of the cochlea.

The main stages and results of scientific research in the field of anti-epidemic protection, conducted at the State Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are presented. For the first time in the country, the institute employees justified the concept of medical protection of troops (fleet forces) and the population from biological weapons, developed guidance and methodological documents on the indication of pathogenic biological agents and decontamination in biological contamination sites, several drugs and technical means of protection against biological weapons. Effective methods and schemes for rapid analysis, diagnostic preparations for the detection of pathogens in natural foci of infections were proposed. Methods of mass vaccination using associations and complexes of vaccines, schemes for emergency prophylaxis and etiotropic treatment of dangerous infectious diseases, original disinfectants, insecticides and repellents have been developed. For the future, scientific work is planned to improve the means and methods of laboratory diagnostics, prevention and etiotropic treatment of dangerous infectious diseases, ensuring biological safety and disinfection in the foci of biological infection, methods of controlling the epidemic process.

Robotics is one of the promising areas of science and technology, which determines the pace and nature of the development of many industries. Medical robotics is designed to facilitate the routine work of doctors, improve the quality of their work and reduce the number of medical errors associated with the human factor. The article presents the results of the analysis of the current state and the main directions of development of medical and military medical robotics. The most significant developments in the field of military medical robotics of recent years are discussed.

The studies devoted to the study of combined and associated radiation injuries have allowed to accumulate significant factual material, substantiating the principles of diagnosis, prediction of the course, outcomes, prevention and treatment of these types of injuries. Great contribution to the development of the problem was made by the representatives of the leading scientific school of combined pathology in the Russian Federation - employees of the 1st research laboratory of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy, and subsequently - the State Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.