Vol 344, No 6 (2023)

Pathogenetic mechanisms, features of the clinical picture and modern approaches to the provision of specialized medical care for stress-associated mental disorders in military personnel in combat conditions are analyzed. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this pathology are still not fully understood and studied. The presence of periodization of stress-associated mental disorders (acute, delayed forms), their rather large spectrum, not limited to post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the possibility of pathogenesis, i. e., the transformation of one of the nosological forms of this pathology into another, are shown. It has been established that such an approach to the diagnosis of stress-related disorders makes it possible to provide differentiated psychiatric care at various stages of medical evacuation (starting from the front line), which contributes to the fastest possible return of military personnel to their duties.

The results of long-term (1987–2021) dispensary dynamic monitoring of morbidity rates of the circulatory organs and malignant neoplasms in servicemen – liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are presented. It was shown that the contribution of diseases of the circulatory system to the overall structure of the morbidity of liquidators during the analyzed period is 25% (rank I), and the contribution of malignant neoplasms is only 3% (IX). Diseases of the circulatory system were the cause of deaths in 61% of the liquidators, and oncological neoplasms in 29% (I and II ranking places, respectively). Liquidators who died from circulatory system diseases had a mean life expectancy of 69 years. This indicator was affected by when the person arrived (1986–1987), how old they were when they arrived (30–40 years), and whether they took part in any «high-risk» work. The average age of the liquidators who died from malignant neoplasms is 67 years. The risk factors included: arrival period (1986–1987), age during stay in the «dangerous» zone (less than 45 years), duration of arrival (more than 60 days), participation in work of high radiation risk. The amount of external radiation absorbed had no significant effect on the frequency of the studied diseases.

The risk factors of blood transfusions, general requirements and features of the organization of transfusion provision of patients from 2018 to 2021 in military medical organizations of various levels, the purpose and content of medical transfusion technologies necessary to ensure the safety and efficiency of the treatment process that meet the requirements of the Decree of the Government of Russia of June 22 were analyzed. 2019, No. 797. The results of studying the safety of blood donation and its components, providing them are presented. Attention is focused on the duties of officials in the appointment and conduct of transfusion of donor blood and its components, the choice of hemocomponents,considering the safety requirements and risk factors for blood transfusions that the patient has.

The role and necessity of allergen-specific immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, etc. is shown. A list of indications and contraindications for treatment is given. The key indication for allergen-specific immunotherapy is the presence of a proven IgE-dependent nature of the disease, as well as an established causal relationship between the allergens used and the allergic disease. The paper compares various methods of allergen-specific immunotherapy, considers its mechanism of action, safety and efficacy.

Based on the analysis of current regulations and clarifications of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Moscow Department of Health, as well as literature data, the article clarifies the procedure for implementing regulatory requirements for immunoprophylaxis. The legal and organizational aspects of immunoprophylaxis in terms of mandatory training of medical workers in this area are outlined, the procedure for obtaining informed voluntary consent for vaccination from patients or their legal representative is clarified, the features of the organization of immunoprophylaxis of a new coronavirus infection are clarified, the conditions for the simultaneous use of immunobiological drugs for immunoprophylaxis are determined. These provisions have a documented basis, and their application is necessary in practical activities when conducting immunoprophylaxis, both among the population and personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The results of the application of lean manufacturing technologies in the 52nd Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the successful fulfillment of the state task for the provision of medical care during the period of restrictions caused by the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 are presented. The highest degree of implementation of lean manufacturing technologies was achieved in 2021 in the following sections: respect for a person and corporate culture – 90%, compliance with profile standards and clinical recommendations – 87%, satisfaction with the quality and safety of medical care – 87%, satisfaction with the speed of response to changes – 86%, patient orientation – 84%.

The article is dedicated to the 160th anniversary of Branch No. 1411 of the Military Hospital of the Russian Ministry of Defense. A brief history of the development of the hospital is presented from the moment of organization of the Cossack regiment by the decision of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Muravyov-Amursky infirmary to the present. It is told about the hospital’s contribution to helping the wounded and sick, including those from the combat areas. During its existence, the hospital has been repeatedly reorganized and is currently a self-sufficient medical-and-preventive organization of the Ministry of Defense.

The article is devoted to the biography of the outstanding Russian doctor, graduate of the Military Medical Academy Mikhail Georgievich Kurlov (1859–1932), whose 165th birthday is next year. In 1890, M.G.Kurlov was appointed an extraordinary professor at Tomsk University, in 1903–1906. The was the first elected rector of this university, in 1907–1929. Head of the Department of Medical Diagnostics and Faculty Therapeutic Clinic. Professor Kurlov was a brilliant lecturer and a wonderful teacher; the taught courses not only in internal medicine but also in pharmacology, nervous and childhood diseases. The author of more than a hundred scientific papers, over 20 professors have been trained in his clinic, 10 of them personally by him. He was among the leading physicians in Russia who continued the movement of the domestic clinic of internal diseases along the European natural science path, begun by S.P.Botkin. The authors of the article used materials from several central archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

A brief report on the XII inter-university interregional scientific conference «Ilyinsky Readings» held at the Military Medical Academy, dedicated to topical issues of the development of Russian pharmacy, is presented. Professors, teachers and students of the academy, pharmaceutical specialists from the medical services of military districts and fleets, representatives of medical and pharmaceutical universities in Russia, and specialists from the domestic pharmaceutical industry took part in it. The results of the conference made it possible to develop optimal management decisions aimed at improving and progressive development of the pharmaceutical industry.