Том 334, № 6 (2013)

The paper describes the main areas of current and future studies of scientific schools, scientific potential and the structure of scientific complex of Military Medical Academy. Improvement and equipping of laboratory bench and test facilities of the Academy are required to perform advanced research and further development of innovative medical technologies. It is necessary to develop and increase the scientific school of the Academy in order to prepare highly qualified scientific and pedagogical staff in the interests of military medicine in the future.

The concept of regenerative medicine has acquired a considerable progress especially in NATO armies. Regenerative medicine with its innovative technologies becomes a powerful tool in solving ensuring problems of military medical institutions with medicines on the basis of donor blood, tissues and artificial skin. The centers of regenerative medicine and cell therapy developed by many of the leading research institutions in our country and abroad. Foundation of a Biological Register of Russian Armed Forces with a Centre of Cellular and Genetic technologies based at the Military Medical Academy will satisfy needs of military medicine in cellular technologies. Scientific research works in experimental biology and clinical studies of stem cells will enable to generate biological safety of servicemen.

A goal of this study is to review perspective technologies of surgical care to the wounded on the basis of an analysis of the experience in medical support in local armed conflicts and a study of the achievements of modern trauma surgery. The study is based on the analysis of personal experience, results of scientific researches being carried out in the Military Medical Academy and a comparison review of available papers and works in the field of our study. Perspective technologies of surgical care to the wounded are strongly dependent on the pre-hospital care: high technologies in personal medical equipment, special disposable devices used in case of life-threatening consequences of injuries and traumas during emergency medical care and advanced trauma management. The main innovation of the last ten years in war surgery is considered to be damage control surgery. Wide application of abbreviated surgical operations (the first phase of damage control surgery) makes the use of remote surgery (telesurgery) for treatment of the wounded more practicable. Increasing effectiveness of military surgeon education is based on the use of all possible achievements in education and information technologies. Feedback in surgical care to the wounded is supplied with analysis of its results in the medical Register of the wounded military.

The authors suggested the main problems solved by the military field therapy: development, scientific rationale, systematic improvement and practical application of the organizational form of first aid for the wounded in conditions of combat actions; research on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of states caused by effect of weapon of mass destruction (nuclear weapon, chemical weapon, etc); development of methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of the abovementioned states; research of the pattern, clinical progression and treatment of somatization disorders in conditions of combat and casual activity of troops, analysis of morbidity among the troops and development of prophylaxis; formulation of military-medical questionnaire and development of the system of rehabilitation for the wounded. Searching for innovative methods for solving the problems of military field therapy is the current problem. Modern warfare changed the concept of delivery of health care, effectiveness of evacuative actions, training of medical personnel and medical maintaining. The authors came to conclusion that qualitative technology breakthrough in development of military medicine and military field therapy would not happen without strategic understanding and learning of prospect technologies.

The article is devoted to the aspects of a current state of surgical service in the Navy, prospects of development of professianl training for navy surgeons, formation of modern training comlex, united electronic library, containig the issues about combat surgical trauma, software technologies, realizing of the application methodology during the process of training and practical activity for the development of the training system for surgeons of Navy and improvement of effectiveness. Formation of normative technical documents, regulating activity of navy surgians is also among the expectations. The authors also touched on the issues of development of modern technologies in bone grafting with the help of domestic implants based on the osteoinductive nanostructured nonorganic matrices (titanium) with defined structure and composition. Department of navy and hospital surgery participate in this debelopment. Due to increased amount of oncologic patients, it was decided to establish the Cancer Center of the Ministry of Defense based on department of navy and hospital surgery of the Kirov Military Medical Academy. It makes possible to perform the following procedures: canser surgery; surgical repair; plastic repair of major vessels, bone and soft tissue grafting, removal of residual cancer cells with the help of loco-regional methods of hyperthermic intracavitary and intravascular chemoperfusion; diagnostics and treatment of recurrent tumors (surgical and radiation treatment, systemic chemotherapy, loco-regional chemoembolization. Each of the given methods help to develop and improve the innovation technologies.

The main principles of organisation of medical laboratory diagnostics are efficiency of analysis, mobility of laboratory services and quality of researches. These goals can be achieved by the use of portative laboratory analizers, by automation and computerization of the laboratorial service, by development and adoption of new laboratory technologies, integrating different methods and types of research. It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of NPT and indication of pathogenic germs. Priority areas of medical laboratory diagnostics development are: — development and use of portative laboratory analyzers; — development of chemical, that help to speed up and cheapen researches, improve effectiveness of laboratory diagnostics of infections and indications of pathogenic and other germ; — development of new, more sensitive, specific, but simple methods of laboratory analysis; — development of complex methods and types of researches, further implementation of methods and researches with different principles of action; — development and implementation of new methods of NPT results recording; — automation and computerization of the laboratorial diagnostics.

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of famous domestic scientist in the area of military-medical geography, organization of health care and pedagogy, laureate of USSR state prize, Ph.D.Med, professor colonel of medical service Aleksei Alekseevich Shoshin (1913—1978). In 1953 he published his study guide «Short course in military-medical geography» and determined aims and tasks of course, clued peculiarities of the influence of physiographic conditions on health, sanitary status and medical support of the forces; gave military medical-geographic characteristics of the main landscape zones and methodology of territory research for possible unit sites. In 1962 AN USSR Publisher published his monograph «Principle of medical geography». In 1964 was published his book «Military-medical geography». In January 1966 A.A.Shoshin was elected as Head ofsocial hygiene and public health organization Chair of the Leningrad pediatric medical institute. He chaired till the end of his life.