Том 331, № 11 (2010)

One of the most important goals in military otolaryngology is a prevention ENT-diseases of armed forces personnel. Prophylactic medical examination of their staff is the major instrument in it. The article presents detailed project of its realization in accordance with present-day classification of ENT-diseases (International Classification of Diseases by World Health Organization), new structure of medical service and its resources and conditions. The diseases of the nose, ear and throat were considered. Algorithm of patients’ observation and volume of diagnostic examinations were given.

Acute massive blood loss (AMBL) of severe and extremely severe degree is still one of the leading causes of unfavourable traumatic disease. 95% of potentially preventable lethal outcomes in severe gunshot trauma is reported to depend largely on the adequacy of AMBL correction (Howard P., 2003). An alternate approach to the issue studied was the development of preparations of hyperosmotic saline solutions (7,5% sodium chloride) combined with hyperoncotic colloid solutions (dextrans, hetastarch). As a result, solutions were developed (so-called, hyperosmotic hyperoncotic volume expanders) allowing to achieve rapid and stable volemic and hemodynamic effect in case of low volume infusion (usually, 4 ml/kg of body weight). The present study allowed to conclude that «low infusion resuscitation» technique in patients with multiple trauma accompanied by acute massive blood loss of extremely severe degree enables to reduce lethality, to achieve early subcompesatory hemodynamic state in acute traumatic disease.

Leading role in the development of atherosclerosis belongs to violations of cholesterol metabolism. Reducing mortality from ischemic heart disease primarily associated with adequate correction of the lipid metabolism. The research of the possible causes and correction of resistant hypercholesterolemia is done. Determined that some patients with resistant to statins hypercholesteremia and normal or elevated levels of hormones T 3 and T 4 in the blood have isolated symptoms of hypothyroidism, which may be a manifestation of reducing tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Adding to the statins levothyroxine in daily doses of 25-50 mkg have additional cholesterol reducing action, allowing to achieve target levels of lipoprotein in blood in patients. The use of levothyroxine in low doses in combination with statins is highly effective and economically justified.

The article presents the preliminary data analysis of past «pandemic» and regional epidemics in the world caused by the influenza virus A(H1N1)sw1. Draw conclusions about the relative softness of the clinical and epidemiological manifestations of recent developments in connection with the lack of antigenic shift from a new strain and a significant protective role of acquired earlier population of cross-immunity of population to variants of influenza virus A(H1N1)sw1. In military units as representative risky groups are reflected all the laws of the epidemic process of influenza in the population. Consequently, the results of epidemiological surveillance in them can be extrapolated to the population and make a forecast of the epidemic in order to develop strategies and tactics to combat this infection in a large scale.

In 17І0 in a under construction capital of the Russian state the first central military hospital for treatment the soldier of garrison has been organized. Its initial device differed from existed regimental infirmaries a little; however personal home nursing of tsar has helped development of hospital. In 1715 the hospital has been solemnly consecrated. Since 1735 in hospital have started to spend training of future doctors and with the basis in 1798 of Army medical college it became its clinical base. During teamwork the hospital became high-grade clinical base of academy, has developed and became the modern well equipped clinic-diagnostic centre.

The history of the 80-year activity of the Institute of Military Medicine, established in the Workers and Peasants, Red Army, Soviet Union. The Institute was founded in 1930 in Moscow and was originally called the Military Sanitary Institute. In a subsequent Institute repeatedly reformed, had different names, with the first years of its existence, has made and continues to contribute significantly to the development of means of medical services and other medical devices. The concrete results of operations and information about the staff are established.