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No 4 (2023)
Quantum Computers and Ultracold Atoms
Abstract
In recent years, the implementation of quantum computers advanced considerably. Despite the fact that a number of scientific and technical issues still prevent practical application of quantum computers, the current quantum processors allow to obtain interesting results. Superconducting qubits and ultracold ions are currently considered the most promising physical platforms for implementing quantum computing. At the same time, alternative physical systems, including ultracold neutral atoms, are also of great interest and potential. Nowadays, atomic systems are inferior to superconducting ones in terms of reproducibility of results and parameters, but at the same time they can be implemented in a laboratory without access to the most advanced achievements of modern microelectronics.
Priroda. 2023;(4):3-13
3-13
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Looking for a Prism to Break Up for the Subtypes
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, currently diagnosed in more than 2% of children. The core symptoms of ASD are impairments in communicative and social functions and narrow and repetitive pattern of behavior. ASD is characterized by both symptomatic and genetic heterogeneity, which is an obstacle to the development of effective therapy. The recognition of several subtypes of autism according to the common pathogenic mechanisms is becoming increasingly relevant. One of such subtypes is autism associated with maternal immune activation in pregnancy, that activates production of autoantibodies to fetal neuronal proteins and thereby disruption of normal neurodevelopment. Other difficulties in ASD differential diagnosis bring PANS/PANDAS syndromes — post-infectious autoimmune sequelae with pronounced neuropsychiatric symptoms. The connection of genetic and immune ASD patterns with the mTOR signaling pathway, frequently hyperactivated in autism, is also discussed.
Priroda. 2023;(4):14-20
14-20
Giant Ammonites of Ryazan Oblast
Abstract
On A famous outcrop of well-preserved ammonites with the size up to 65 cm locates on the right bank of the Oka River near the village of Nikitino (Ryazan Oblast, Russia). Some of these samples are displayed in museums and decorate the interiors of offices and houses both in Russia and abroad. However, they are insufficiently studied as decorative collectible samples and jewelry and ornamental material. The study of ammonites using a modern set of methods revealed their mineral and chemical composition (including microinclusions and impurity elements), technological characteristics and their shaping factors, and examined their environmental compliance.
Priroda. 2023;(4):21-32
21-32
“Arsenyev’s Line” in the Biogeography of the Sikhote-Alin
Abstract
The prerequisites for establishing an important biogeographic boundary between the Manchurian and Okhotsk floras and faunas in the southern part of the Far East and the role of the Russian writer and geographer V.K.Arsenyev in substantiating this boundary in the northern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain system are considered.
Priroda. 2023;(4):33-41
33-41
“If we don’t succeed...”. An attempt at studying physical properties of ice in the Central Arctic: 1937-1938
Abstract
Studies of sea ice physical properties, including its mechanical characteristics, became an important issue during the Arctic exploration in the late 1930s. The article describes an attempt to investigate ice properties of the central Arctic, which took place in 1937–1938 in connection with the drifting station North Pole-1. This work was initiated by a well-known physicist prof. Boris Petrovich Weinberg (1871–1942) who was a consultant of All-Union Arctic Institute. The article covers in detail the delivery of ice floe from Papanin’s camp and the conference at the Arctic Institute conducted to mark the ice floe investigation and results. The reasons for a failure in the obtaining information about ice properties in the Central Arctic are discussed.
Priroda. 2023;(4):42-49
42-49
Whose Tube Is Wider? Mineralogical Fairy Tale
Abstract
A tubular silicon-oxygen radical is a one-dimensional silicate anion shaped like a tube or a tubular chain. Structures with SiO2-based tubular fragments are of interest because of their use in nanotechnology along with carbon nanotubes. This fairy tale describes the structures of silicates with tubular fragments of two types — tetrahedral and mixed (of tetrahedra and octahedra).
Priroda. 2023;(4):50-59
50-59
60-65
“... And I realized that this is exactly that thing”. Interview with S.G.Inge-Vechtomov
Abstract
Известный отечественный генетик, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, академик РАН Сергей Георгиевич Инге-Вечтомов рассказывает о своем пути в науке, в частности о зарубежной стажировке в 1967–1968 гг. в США. Беседу ведет доктор философских наук Михаил Борисович Конашев.
Priroda. 2023;(4):66-71
66-71
NEW BOOKS
Abstract
С.Мукерджи. ГЕН: ОЧЕНЬ ЛИЧНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ / Пер. с англ. О.Волкова, К.Сайфулина. Серия: Элементы 2.0. М.: Corpus, 2023. 688 с. В издательстве «Corpus» вышла очередная научно-популярная книга из серии «Элементы 2.0», которая издается при поддержке Фонда «Траектория». Автор книги — Сиддхартха Мукерджи (Siddhartha
Priroda. 2023;(4):72-72
72-72