编号 1 (2025)

Using the MERRA-2 satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data, we examined the vertical structure of the Antarctic polar vortex during the sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) of 1988, 2002 and 2019. The significant displacements of the polar vortex were observed in 1988 and 2019, and the vortex splitting occurred in 2002. Differences in the vertical dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex during SSWs recorded due to displacement (1988 and 2019) or vortex splitting (2002) are shown. The weakening, displacement and subsequent breakdown of the polar vortex in 1988 and 2019 was observed first in the upper stratosphere, and then gradually spread into the middle and lower stratosphere within a month. Thus, the SSW in the lower stratosphere was preceded by a significant displacement of the polar vortex in the upper stratosphere a month before the event. While in 2002, before the split, the polar vortex was strong and stable at all stratospheric levels, the split was observed simultaneously in the middle and upper stratosphere, after which the vortex collapsed in the upper stratosphere, and existed for another month in the lower and middle stratosphere. In all cases, a decrease in wind speed along the vortex edge, an increase in temperature inside the vortex, melting of particles of polar stratospheric clouds and a decrease in ozone hole area were observed starting in late August. The earlier recovery of ozone hole occurred on 30 October 1988, 9 November 2002 and 6 November 2019, respectively.

The article is devoted to the study of dynamics regularities of abrasion shores of the cryolithozone based on complex mathematical modeling and space imagery and their significance for obtaining information on dynamic parameters of ongoing processes based on remote sensing data. The studied landscape of abrasion shores is a combination of thermal cirques of different ages and preservation, it develops under the action of processes of both the appearance of new thermal cirques and partial or complete erasure of existing ones due to the formation of new ones. The characteristic feature of thermal cirques is a clear arc-shaped boundary with the adjacent watershed surface, which is well detected on remote sensing data. The technique includes creating and analyzing a mathematical model of the morphological pattern changes of abrasion shores within the cryolithozone. The model uses the approach of the random process theory and empirical measurement of thermal cirques in different physiographic conditions on space imagery. The combination of mathematical modeling with space imagery interpretation allowed us to show that in different physiographic and geocryological conditions, a stable stationary distribution of thermal cirque sizes of abrasion shores of the Arctic cryolithozone is formed with a significant development time in homogeneous areas. The physiographic and geocryological variety of different sites does not prevent the existence of the limiting stationary distribution. Thus, the morphological pattern of the abrasion shore, being in constant change, nevertheless has a stationary distribution of thermal cirque sizes, their average size, and average location density, i.e., it is in a state of dynamic balance. The research gave a mathematical dependence between the limiting thermal cirque size distribution for abrasion shores and the size distribution for forming young thermal cirques. The sites’ physical-geographical, geological-geomorphological, and geocryological conditions influence the character of the stationary limit distribution through the size distribution of forming young thermal cirques. The results obtained allow us to predict quantitative characteristics of the thermal cirques (and consequently landslides) formation process, namely, the size distribution of emerging new thermal cirques and landslides, based on measurements of the observed thermal cirque sizes using high-resolution single-shot remote sensing data. This is essential in predicting the development, in particular, of shore retreat.

Methods of complex analysis of the results of space, gravimetric and magnetometric surveys for localization of ore-promising sites in the Polar Urals within the nomenclature sheets R-42, Q-42 have been developed. When decoding the materials of multi-zone satellite imagery of medium (ASTER, Landsat) and high (Canopus-PSS, Resurs-P) resolution, linear, arc and ring structural elements controlling the localization of uranium-molybdenum and chromite-platinum mineralization of the Polar Urals were revealed. The decoding of zones of metasomatically altered rocks in various spectral IR channels made it possible to localize areas for detailed work. Based on high-resolution satellite imagery, large-scale structural and tectonic schemes have been prepared and areas of detail for ground-based verification work have been outlined.

The average monthly values of ocean surface temperature in the area of the northern Kuril Islands for 1998-2022 are analyzed. On the basis of a 25-year series of observations, the norms are constructed for each month – the average long-term distributions. It is shown that in the coastal area from the Simushir Island to the Fourth Kuril Strait, a cold spot area with very low temperatures (about 6 °C) and small annual cycle amplitudes (about 3 °C) is formed in summer. Seasonal fluctuations are characterized by an annual cycle with maximum values in August–September and minimum values in February–March. In general, they are well described in the region by a combination of annual and semi-annual harmonics with amplitudes of 4.9 and 1.1 °C, respectively. The interannual variability is reflected in variations of summer maxima with a period of about six years. In the summer and autumn period, outside the cold spot area, there is a steady trend towards an increase in temperature, the most significant in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (about 1 °C in 25 years). In the winter-spring season in the Sea of Okhotsk, the reverse situation is observed with a tendency to decrease thermal parameters. When calculating deviations of average monthly temperatures from normal values, it was revealed that large-scale zones with significant temperature anomalies, mainly negative ones, can be formed in the area of the North Kuril Islands, which can pose a serious danger to aquatic organisms.