Vol 25, No 2 (2014)

The clinical picture of pathomorphological changes in brain injury is diverse, which call for different therapeutic approaches to treating patients.

According to numerous studies conducted in different countries, the fecal occult blood (FOB) test is an effective method to screen colorectal neoplasms, which permits an actual reduction in colon cancer mortality. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for FOB differ from guaiac tests in their higher diagnostic efficiency and better tolerance. Preference should be given to current FIT when choosing a colorectal cancer screening strategy.

The review characterizes the efficacy and safety of neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) and discusses the resistance of influenza virus to these drugs. Emphasis is laid on the routes of administration for neuraminidase inhibitors and the novel drugs peramivir and laninamivir.

An investigation of Aven Akerat 30 cream versus 2% salicylic acid ointment demonstrated the higher therapeutic efficacy of the above cream in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The use of the agent showed no adverse reactions or complications.

The specific features of most hair diseases include heterogeneity of their clinical manifestations as local or diffuse alopecia on the scalp. Instrumental and morphological studies help correctly diagnose the disease if there is no clear picture of the disease and if there are minimal clinical symptoms, as well as comorbidity.

The paper describes a case of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis development in an infliximab-treated patient with ankylosing spondyloarthritis (Bekhterev's disease) in a high tuberculosis incidence area. Multislice spiral computed tomography and preventive antituberculosis treatment are recommended in all cases of therapy with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors irrespective of the results of skin and IGRA tests.

Ninety-eight patients with moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined. There was a high incidence of gastroduodenal erosive and ulcerative lesion requiring that, on completion of Helicobacter pylori eradication, antisecretory therapy be prolonged in patients with COPD treated with inhaled glucocorticosteroids.

Central venous puncture and catheterization are among the most common maneuvers used in prac-tical medicine. Puncture catheterization of the central veins are not characterized by absolute safety; during subclavian venous puncture and catheterization, the frequency of complications (damages to the pleural cupola and the lung apex to develop pneumothorax, as well as cardiac arrhythmia, bleeding, etc.) ranges from 2,7 to 8,1%. The paper describes a clinical case that indicates that the application of a central venous catheter may give rise to the life-threatening situations that require the medical personnel be alert with this maneuver.

The paper presents the results of examining and treating 47 exudative otitis media infants at the first 3 years of life; whose gestational age at birth was 25 to 34 weeks.

By taking into consideration platelet dysfunctions (hyper- and hypoaggregation) in children with cystic fibrosis, the authors recommend to use of pentoxifyilline and calcium preparations in addition to basic treatment to prevent complications, such as bleeding and thrombosis.

The paper analyzes reasons for hospitalization and treatment policy in 82 children with diabetes mellitus in an intensive care unit in the period 2003-2013.

The paper demonstrates some gender-specific features of the metabolic syndrome. It is established that the majority of abdominal obesity and the severity of anxiety and depressive disorders characterized by individuals of the female sex. Levels of endogenous endorphin in male and female with the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease is reduced equally.

The paper presents the main directions of health care for the adult population of an industrial town. Based on the results of their investigations and the experience gained by Russian scientists, the authors define general principles in the elaboration of population health improvement programs.

The paper analyzes the state-of-the-art of informatization in the governmental and private polyclinics and advances arguments in favor of the introduction of information technologies in the work of a private polyclinic in order to have competitive advantages.