Vol 26, No 7 (2015)

The paper presents the historical development of the theory of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It gives its etiopathogenetic and clinical features and principles of its diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and sociomedical examination.

Current triple antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C, by using the first wave, first-generation hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir, results in the higher incidence of anemia, including severe one, than dual therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin; moreover, the hemoglobin reduction is more marked and occurs earlier. The paper deals with the present views of the pathogenesis of anemia; its risk factors; today’s optimal approaches to its prediction, prevention, and management of patients with chronic hepatitis C who receive triple antiviral therapy using boceprevir.

Bronchial obstruction syndrome (BOS) is mainly caused by asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or emphysema. Asthma and COPD can be effectively treated by bronchodilator therapies delivered by inhalation. Inhalation of beta2-adrenergic agonist and combination of the anticholinergic agent and the beta2-adrenergic agonist is advantageous for the treatment of any bronchoobstructive syndrome prevention and exacerbation of asthma and COPD.

The paper comparatively analyzes the results of combination treatment in patients with chronic venous insufficiency complicated by the formation of trophic ulcers. It shows that it is expedient to incorporate Thrombovazim® and Ca 2+ alginate-based wound coatings into a treatment program.

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of anti-tumor immunotherapy using Russian immunomodulators (Polyoxidonium and Roncoleukin) and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells were evaluated in patients with breast cancer.

The treatment of bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers is one of the most relevant problems in urgent surgery since in this case overall and postoperative mortality rates remain high in this complication of ulcerative disease.

The high frequency of pregnancy and delivery complications is associated with persistent, not completely controlled asthma, especially in the first trimester of gestation. The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with short-acting β-agonists, as well as combined drugs (ICS and long-acting β-agonists) improves the course of asthma during pregnancy and effects positively on pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

Analysis of the causes of diagnostic errors in pulmonary infiltrative changes has indicated that they are associated with the hyperdiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the hypodiagnosis of other respiratory diseases, and the lack of etiological and morphological verification of a diagnosis in many cases.

The paper reviews the history of discovery of bacteriophage preparations and their introduction into health care practice, data on their high therapeutic activity against a broad range of bacterial infections of varying genesis. It gives a concise classification of therapeutic and prophylactic bacteriophages. There is evidence that it is promising to further investigate the use of bacteriophages as an alternative to agents for traditional antimicrobial therapy and prevention of infectious diseases, including those caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms.

In the present study performed electron microscopic examination of gallstones and the surface of the epithelial lining of the gallbladder in destructive forms of calculouscholecystitis and found biofilm microorganisms. Significantly more bacteria were detected inside the stone, the vast majority of whom were vegetative forms. Biofilms mainly localized on the surface of the stone, which is obviously due to the adverse effects of bile bacteria and outer cell matrixof the biofilmis a protective barrier against external aggressive environment for bacteria. These provisions may be used in the correction of preoperative and postoperative therapy in patients with cholelithiasis, acute calculouscholecystitis with pathogenetic point of view. One of the cardinal directions of the future in the prevention of complications of gallstone disease should be to develop techniques capable of destroying outer cell matrix of the biofilms.

The results of this investigation will be able to efficiently plan prophylactic programs aimed to improve the health of workers of large industrial enterprises.

By the order of the National Foundation of Consumer Protection, All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, the Research Institute of Nutrition, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, conducted a study on the consumption pattern (sources and levels) of caffeine-containing foods by the population of the Russian Federation in 2013 and prepared materials have for mass media and specialists of research centers.