Vol 27, No 11 (2016)

In recent years there has been a tendency to “rejuvenation" of breast cancer (BC), which necessitates the accelerated development of its early diagnosis and prevention. Screening programs are intended for the early detection of BC rather than its prevention. Its main risk factors begin to be realized before age 30 years, but its prevention is, as a rule, thought about just after menopause. To initiate preventive measures in childhood contributes not only to the formation of a healthy lifestyle and useful skills, but also to the proven reduction of breast cancer risk.

Premedication is one of the methods to ensure the safety of flexible endoscopy. The traditional approach to premedication provided technical bronchoscopy facilities due to sedation and inhibited secretion, but it ceased to prove its worth when bronchoscopy was commonly performed in patients with severe somatic diseases. In this situation, there was a need for inhaled bronchodilators acting mainly in the tracheobronchial tree and showing a minimized systemic effect (M-anticholinergics and ß-agonists), parenteral glucocorticosteroids, which are characterized by their broncholytic potency in conjunction with certain cardioprotective activity. Parenteral theophylline had limited application in premedication schemes.

The paper presents the results of a clinical trial of a new method for treating the chronic foci of oropharyngeal infection in individuals with polymorbid pathology, which is aimed at restoring pharyngeal tonsillar microbiocenosis, the impairment of which is regarded as one of the mechanisms for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pharynx.

The paper considers errors in the diagnosis of antrochoanal polyp in a 12-year-old child and the tactics of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of this disease in childhood.

The paper considers the results of using the anticholinergic drug tiotropium bromide in patients with severe asthma: it improves functional parameters, increases the proportion of days with good asthma control, declines the total number of exacerbations, and increases time to the first severe exacerbation.

The accessory breast (AB) is a rather rare anomaly. Pathological processes in the AB occur in 2-6% of cases, and the rate of its carcinoma is 0.2-03% of its total rates. The clinical and differential diagnosis of AB carcinoma is quite complex. The described clinical case is interesting from both the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view.

The paper describes the characteristics of this special postoperative condition in patients with a history of different craniocervical algic processes and surgical procedures. Diagnostic criteria for the syndrome are proposed and the latter and the similar pain phenomena are differentiated.

The authors have evaluated the efficiency of using full-sized gypsum-based 3D models to plan revision hip arthroplasty for complex acetabular defect. The use of modern 3D printers and software makes these technologies more affordable.

Elevated intraabdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory complications. The use of laparoscopic lifting systems makes it possible to avoid pneumoperitoneum application; however, this is fraught with technical difficulties.

The paper describes a rare clinical case of a large laryngeal chondroma with a long asymptomatic period.

The article presents the results bioindustries research 156 students depending on body mass index (BMI), types of head and face. The study has revealed that indicators of bioimpedance had significant differences only on the values of the index BMI, but did not depend on the parameters of the head and face of the surveyed.

Clinical and laboratory studies in women with androgenetic alopecia have made it possible to establish the features of its clinical course and characteristic hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in these patients, which necessitate the extension of their therapeutic measures.

A total of 350 syphilitic patients living in the small towns of the Chelyabinsk Region in 2012-2014 have been examined for their sociomedical characteristics: age; social status; financial status; marital status; level of education; conditions of infection with syphilis; the specific features of the patients’ sexual behavior. The sociohygienic portrait of a patient with syphilis is as follows: young people at the most reproductive age of 21-40 years (72.1%) with secondary and incomplete secondary education (65.0%); 44.3% are single; 68.3% are not engaged in socially useful work or engaged in low-skilled jobs (equal percentages); and 70.5% have a low income (earn minimum wage or less); 99.5% have bad habits, of whom 12.5% had alcohol or drug intoxication.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the treatment of patients with superficial wounds that have been closed by skin autografts. Locking flap made using separate surgical sutures and medical surgical stapler. It identified a number of advantages of application of mechanical suture in comparison with the classic.