Vol 31, No 2 (2020)

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers. The relevance of the topic is due to a rise in the number of reproductive-aged patients, which presents an acute sociomedical problem. The paper analyzes the possibilities of medical rehabilitation (diet therapy, physiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.). It considers antitumor therapy complications that negatively affect female the life and health of women, such as sexual dysfunction, paraneoplastic fatigue syndrome, lower extremity lymphedema, radiation reactions, and postcastration syndrome, as well as methods for their correction. Methods for patient rehabilitation and early diagnosis of a relapse before its clinical manifestation are analyzed. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to improve quality of life in patients.

HIV-infected patients seek medical advice in various health facilities for both infectious and somatic diseases. Moreover, treatment does not always provide success, which often depends to a greater extent on a patients functional reserves rather than the quality of medical care. The authors have analyzed all death cases in a group of HIV-infected patients to identify the prevalent disease of organs and systems. Common nosological entities that result in death in patients with HIV infection have been defined. These findings can be used to plan a load on health facilities and to develop adequate preventive measures in HIV-infected patients.

The paper considers diagnostic methods for obesity and discusses its different phenotypes in patients with Stage V chronic kidney disease who are treated with programmed hemodialysis.

A human microbiota change is considered as one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of many socially significant diseases including the respiratory tract diseases. The aim of our research was to study the composition changes of the oropharyngeal microbiota in the patients with atopic and non-atopic phenotype of bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. There were examined 27 patients with bronchial asthma and 10 clinically healthy individuals in the study. The studies of microbiota in the oropharyngeal smear samples were carried out by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. In patients with the BA were revealed the quantitative and qualitative changes in the oropharyngeal biotope : such as the significant decrease in the families of Porphyromonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, class Clostridia, family Peptostreptococcaceae, genus Oribacterium (family Lachnospiraceae), class Fusobacteriia, genus Fusobacteriia, family Burkholderiaceae genus Haemophilus (family Pasteurellaceae) (p<0.05). The phenotype of the disease (atopic, non-atopic) AD did not effect on the change in the bacterial composition (p>0.05). The changes in the bacterial spectrum showed a moderate strength and the strong direct and reverse correlation with the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of BA (medical history, level of IgE, eosinophils of blood and sputum, FEV1). The bacterial diversity indexes (Shannon, Chao1 and ACE) in the patients with BA were not differ from the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the differences in the oropharyngeal microbiota compositions of the healthy volunteers and patients with bronchial asthma. The relationship of the change in the bacterial composition to the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease confirms their significance in the pathogenesis of BA. The study ofthe bacterial composition changes of the respiratory tract under the respiratory system diseases should be continued at further.

Examination of 86 blood samples from patients with bladder cancer by enzyme immunoassay and atomic force microscopy has shown that the morphometric characteristics of red blood cells and the concentrations of TuM2Pk, IL12, FGF, VEGF, IGF1, TNFa, and PSA vary according to the stage of the oncological process and age.

Analyzing the trend in the HIV epidemic in the Almetyevsk District of the Republic of Tatarstan over 2000-2018 shows that the higher incidence rate of HIV infection stabilized, the rate of its sexual transmission and the involvement of middle-aged and older individuals in the epidemic increased. It is found that the course of the epidemic is affected by the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected people. The rapid spread of HIV in the high TB risk group requires that phthisiatricians should pay special attention to the problems of HIV infection among the population followed up, as well as control over how anti-epidemic measures are implemented needs to be enhanced in TB facilities. The primary task is to effectively prevent HIV infection and to avoid tuberculosis cases in HIV-infected people.

Recently, the study of functional gastrointestinal disorders has become an urgent task due to the prevalence of this pathology. Functional disorders of the biliary tract are known to underlie clinical symptoms both in primary functional disorders occurring as an independent pathology and in secondary dysfunctions resulting from organic pathology. It has become possible to adjust the accumulated knowledge on the clinical course of the functional gallbladder disorders, their diagnosis and treatment due to the Rome IV criteria. Nevertheless, many issues remain unsettled, including the function tests with choleretic breakfast. Such testing allows to evaluate the function of the gallbladder and sphincter apparatus of the biliary system. However, the reaction to the same choleretic breakfast can differ significantly intrapatient, which requires the development of a standard, generally accepted technique. In our study we showed the effectiveness of Chophytol at a dose of 5 ml used as a choleretic breakfast. The choice of Chophytol was due to its well- known and proved choleretic and cholekinetic effects, as well as the fixed concentration of choleretic elements. The present case demonstrates special features of the functional biliary disorders course, their diagnosis and treatment.

The paper considers data on the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of acute liver failure (ARF), as well as current approaches to managing patients with this condition. Despite success in intensive care, ARF is a clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate that amounts to as much as 50%. The clinical picture is most frequently represented by the development of coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multiple organ dysfunction. The severity of the course, the likelihood of irreversibility of RF, and the etiological heterogeneity of the syndrome necessitate further elaboration of therapeutic strategies.

The authors define the role of botulinum therapy in the rehabilitation of children with infant cerebral palsy and the degree of reduced spasticity during therapy with botulinum toxin type A.