ROLE OF CELL-FREE FETAL DNA IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS


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Abstract

Objective. To set forth current views on the role of cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) in the diagnosis of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGRS), and preterm delivery. Material and methods. Available literature sources published in the databases Medline, PubMed, and others were sought. 84 sources dealing with the study of the covered problem were found; 35 of them were included in this review. Results. Cell-free DNA (cff-DNA) is the newest promising biomarker that is used in the study of different obstetric states, in particular in the prenatal diagnosis of pregnancy and in its complicated course. It is easily detected by semi-quantitative PCR for the SRY target gene. The blood level of cff-DNA has been recognized to play a role in various complications of pregnancy. This review shows whether there was a relationship between cff-DNA and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), FGRS, preterm delivery, placenta previa, and vomiting of pregnancy. The release of cff-DNA is due to the mechan ism by which trophoblast cell apoptosis occurs, although recent in vivo studies confirm that there are additional mechanisms. Elevated cff-DNA levels may be used to predict the development of pregnancy complications and be of great value in the prenatal diagnosis and diagnosis of the most common complications as they precede clinical symptoms. Gestational age is a factor that determines am elevation in cff-DNA levels in response to a pathological state. Conclusion. Thus, the study has aimed at revealing the causes of a change in cff-DNA levels in pathological states during pregnancy in order to determ ine whether this biomarker can be prognostically and diagnostically used.

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About the authors

Maria Ivanovna Gracheva

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: dr.gracheva@rambler.ru
gynecologist, doctor of obstetric observation department Moscow 117997, Ac. Oparina str. 4, Russia

Nataliya Enkinovna Kan

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: kan-med@mail.ru
MD, head of the obstetric observation department Moscow 117997, Ac. Oparina str. 4, Russia

Alexey Mikhailovich Krasniy

Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: a_krasnyi@oparina4.ru
candidate of biological Sciences, head of the obstetric observation department Moscow 117997, Ac. Oparina str. 4, Russia

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