Comparative study of morphological and anatomical features of Bidens L. Species

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Abstract

Introduction. Determining closely related impure species when confirming the authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials (mprms) is a very difficult and controversial task, especially for crushed and powdered mprms. One of such objects is the three-part beggarticks, which is prone to polymorphism and occupies the same area with the nodding beggarticks, the Spanish needles and the devil's beggarticks.

Objective: to conduct a comparative pharmacognostic analysis of species of the genus Bidens L., which can be collected together with the pharmacopoeial species – three-part beggarticks.

Material and methods. The objects of study were dried herbs of three-part beggarticks (Bidens tripartita L.), nodding beggarticks (Bidens cernua L.), Spanish needles (Bidens bipinnata L.), and devil's beggarticks (Bidens frondosa L.), collected in the Moscow region in 2020–2021. In this work, we studied the anatomical and morphological structure of leaves, as the most preferred part from a diagnostic point of view. The study of anatomical and morphological characteristics was carried out in accordance with the General Pharmacopoeial Monograph of the Russian Federation State Pharmacopoeia XIV 1.5.1.0003.15 “Leaves”.

Results. A comparative description of the anatomical-diagnostic external and microscopic characteristics of the Bidens leaves has been obtained. Bidens tripartita and Bidens frondosa are higher than others. In contrast to the impure species, the Bidens tripartita has the largest deeply trifid, irregular serrated leaves, more pronounced tortuosity of the epidermal cells of the upper side of the leaf, multicellular thin-walled caterpillar-like and simple thick-walled hairs are combined, and the secretory canals in the mesophyll located along the vein.

Conclusion. Among the studied Bidens species, each has characteristic features of its morphological and anatomical structure. These specific features can be used to establish the authenticity of the mprms and distinguish it from impure Bidens species, which require further research.

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About the authors

Mikhail N. Rodin

FSAEI of HE I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: rodin_m_n@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9532-6879

Ph.D. Student of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991

Vera M. Baeva

FSAEI of HE I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: baeva_v_m@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1916-1299

doctor of pharmaceutical sciences, professor of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991

Dmitry O. Bokov

FSAEI of HE I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology”

Email: bokov_d_o@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2968-2466

PhD in pharmaceutical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin; researcher of laboratory of chemistry of food products

Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991; Ustinsky proezd, building 2/14, Moscow, 109240

Viktor M. Voronov

FSAEI of HE I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: daretto00@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9915-0604

resident of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991

Irina A. Samylina

FSAEI of HE I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: samylina_i_a@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4895-0203

doctor of pharmaceutical sciences, professor, corresponding member of the RAS, professor of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Slide mount of the Bidens tripartita L. Leaf surface: а – thin-walled 9-celled caterpillar-shaped hair (×600), б –thick-walled simple hair (×600), в – place of attachment of the hair to the vein (×600), г – secretory canal with brown contents (×150)

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3. Fig. 2. Slide mount of the Bidens cernua L. Leaf surface: а – thin-walled 9-celled hair (×600), б – thin-walled 16-celled hair (×600), в – epidermis of the upper side of the leaf with stomata (×600), г – secretory canal along the vein (×150), д and е – secretory canals of various shapes in the mesophyll (×150)

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4. Fig. 3. Slide mount of the Bidens frondosa L. Leaf surface: а and б – thin-walled falling hairs with a warty cuticle running along the leaf vein (×600 and ×150), в – 6-celled hair (×150), г – 9-celled hair with a barrel-shaped basal cell (×150), д and е – multicellular thick-walled simple hairs along the edge of the leaf (×600)

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5. Fig. 4. Slide mount of the Bidens bipinnata L. Leaf surface: а – epidermis of the upper side of the leaf (10×15), б, в and г – articular hairs with a barrel-shaped basal cell (10×15 and ×600), д – two-celled oval secretory gland (10×15), е – “grain” in the mesophyll (inclusions of unknown nature) (10×15)

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6. Fig. 5. Cross-section of a Bidens bipinnata L. Leaf: а – cross-section of a Bidens bipinnata L. Leaf, through a vein (10×15), б – collateral fibrovascular bundle without sheath (×600) (1 – epidermis, 2 – fibrovascular bundle, 3 – palisade parenchyma)

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