Pecularites of granite sistems including rare-metal pegmatites

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Abstract

There are usually two generations of granitic pegmatites revealed in most of rare-metal pegmatite fields: beryl-bearing ones, often with tantalum-niobate, muscovite, inseparable from vein-shaped granite leucogranite complex, and sodium-lithium (Li, Ta, Cs, Be, Sn) pegmatites (or LCT-pegmatites), which are subdivided into «complex rare-metal» ones, with the pegmatite zonation and the major mineralization (large crystals of spodumene, tantalates, beryl, cassiterite, pollucite, petalite, amblygonite) in central parts of their body (Koktogay, Bernick Lake, Bikita, Karibib, Varutresk, Vishnyakovskoye, etc.), and «albite-spodumene» ones, composing numerous extensive pegmatite dykes without zoning, grouping in their fields as long as up to 10—15 km and more (Kings Mountain, Zavitinskoye, Goltsovoye, Kolmozero, Polmos Tundras, Tastygskoye, etc.). In some cases (Zavitinskoye, Vasin-Mylk, Shuckbjul), there are established complex rare-metal pegmatites occurring in «heads» of conveying dykes of «albite-spodumene pegmatites». The search of «parent granites» for «albite-spodumene pegmatites» is meaningless, because they are not pegmatites, but granites, although special ones (in fact, they are spodumene granites of the alakhinsky type). The terminological, as it seems to be, readjustment: «granite, not pegmatite», has its scientific (a) and prognostic (b) consequences. Firstly, there is resolving (a) the problem of parent granites, objections to the pegmatite status of «albite-spodumene pegmatites» become removed. This type of pegmatites occupies in history of magmatism over some pegmatite-bearing areas its independent, spodumene-rare-metal-granite stage, concluded by formation of their own — true — complex pegmatites. And secondly (b): it may be assumed that under such complex pegmatite fields as Koktogay, Bernick Lake, Bikita, Karibib, Vishnyakovskoye, there are occurring series of dikes of spodumene-rare-metal granites (i. e., Li ore deposits), which are differentiates of complex pegmatites.

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About the authors

Semen M. Beskin

Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystalochemistry of Rare Elements of the RAS

Email: yubmarin@yandex.ru

senior researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

Yuri B. Marin

Saint-Peresburg Mining University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yubmarin@yandex.ru

Corresponding member of RAS, professor

Saint-Petersburg

References

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2. Fig. 1. Position of the Zavitinsky pegmatite area in the deep structure of the Earthʼs crust of Ingoda-Shilka part of Transbaikalia. Copy of the map of E. N. Lishnevsky (1991, p. 56), generalized by S. M. Beskin.

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3. Fig. 2. Scheme of geological structure of the Zavitinsky pegmatite area. After (Zagorsky, Kuznetsova, 1990), generalized by S. M. Beskin.

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4. Fig. 3. Scheme of location of granites and pegmatites varieties over the Main land and neighboring areas of the Zavitinsky field. Composed by S. M. Beskin and V. A. Bantsekin with use of materials of the Exploration crew.

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5. Fig. 4. Geological cross-section of the Zavitinsky pegmatitic area from the eastern flank of its Main land through the Molokovsky area to the Kamensky one.

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6. Fig. 5. Typified physiography (macro-image) of rare-metal B granites from different fields of spodumene-bearing granites (a sample of Ta-bearing ore from the Etyca deposit is placed for comparison).

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