Vol 157, No 2 (2025)
- Year: 2025
- Articles: 5
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-6071/issue/view/13766
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-60711572
Full Issue
Articles
Production Specializations as a Factor in the Demographic and Social Development of Medium-Sized Cities in Russia
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the connection between the specialization of medium-sized cities in Russia and individual socio-demographic parameters. The purpose of the study is to identify the presence of this relationship and determine its characteristics. A group of medium-sized cities in Russia (from 50 to 100 thousand people) homogeneous in number of inhabitants was chosen as an object, which made it possible to minimize the distortion of the results due to the influence of factors determined by the size of the settlement on the studied indicators. Data for calculation behavior were taken from the Rosstat municipal statistics database. Localization coefficients were calculated for 18 types of economic activity in cities, based on these calculations, the sample cities were divided into specialization groups, and for each group, the influence of the degree of specialization on individual socio-demographic indicators of these cities was determined using econometric methods. The result of the study was the conclusion that certain groups of cities are characterized by statistical dependencies between the degree of specialization of their economies and other development parameters.
149-175
The Development of Underground Space as a Way to Optimize Urban Territory: a Case Study of the City of Kazan, Russia
Abstract
Unlimited perimeter sprawl of a city at a certain stage leads to the emergence of social, economic, and environmental problems, which negatively affect the quality of the urban environment. Such a way of extensive urban development can be prevented by turning to the “compact city” concept, based on the most efficient use of internal territorial resources. One of the approaches to optimize processes in the city and stop its territorial extension is the development of urban underground space. This work examines the development of the underground space of the city of Kazan (European Russia), represented by transport infrastructure, as a way to optimize urban areas. The use of current data on the quantity and spatial characteristics of Kazan’s underground transport infrastructure made it possible to assess the scale of development of underground space. At the time of this study, there were 344 underground transport infrastructure objects in the city (underground car parks under residential buildings and social facilities, as well as pedestrian crossings, metro stations, and tunnels). The largest number of underground transport structures is located in the city center, in the Vakhitovsky district (47% of all city facilities). Then the districts adjacent to the city center follow: Privolzhsky, Kirovsky, and partly Sovetsky; they account for 15, 14 and 9% of the city’s underground transport facilities, respectively. The industrial specialization of the Aviastroitel’ny and Moskovsky districts of the city and the complex hydro-geological conditions of the Novo-Savinovsky district determined the smallest number of underground infrastructure facilities on their territory. Rational use of underground space is possible only if there is a regulatory framework related for urban planning that reflects the aspects of underground urbanism. The development of underground space according to a single urban development plan, linked to the General Plan of the city, will contribute to its comprehensive development and use.
176-191
Population Density of Residential Areas of St. Petersburg as an Indicator of the Urban Environment Quality
Abstract
The incompleteness of the existing list of indicators of the quality of the urban environment is shown. Micro- and meso-urban geographical studies will allow for a more correct assessment of the current state of the urban environment. The integral indicator “Urban Environment Quality Index” requires the inclusion of additional indicators (population density, density and number of floors of buildings), which have a direct impact on the comfort and quality of life of the population. The population density indicator is important, which can be calculated at different levels of administrative division. Specific examples of the cartographic display of this indicator are given. In particular, for some districts of St. Petersburg, a methodology for calculating and mapping the population density indicator of a residential area has been created and tested, with the exception of areas without residential development from these calculations. The introduction of population density into the assessment of the quality of life of citizens will allow it to be clarified and enriched, and the calculation of population density using the proposed methodology allows you to obtain the most accurate data.
192-203
Landscape Assessment of the Recreational and Health Cluster “Shartash Forest Park”
Abstract
The landscape structure of modern Yekaterinburg is formed under the influence of a complex of different-scale factors of formation, the areas of predominant influence of which determine the set and spatial ratio of allotments, the nature of boundaries and the speed of development of geosystems of different ranks. The spatial and temporal landscape structure of a megalopolis determines the quality of the urban environment through a complex of stable environment-forming connections and attractive perception parameters. One of the specific elements of the landscape structure of Yekaterinburg are specially protected natural territories of regional significance — forest parks that perform environmental, environment-forming and recreational functions. The article is devoted to the results of inventory and assessment landscape studies of the territory of the recreation and health cluster “Shartash Forest Park”, located in the northeastern part of Yekaterinburg. Over the centuries-old history of development, a landscape structure has developed within the site, represented by natural territorial complexes, their derivative modifications, anthropogenic complexes and technological systems. The landscape structure is considered from the standpoint of a structural-genetic and functional-dynamic approach, as a change in the dynamic and evolutionary states of geosystems. The multi-scale landscape-forming processes have been studied, the landscape structure of the territory has been identified, the methodology and results of large-scale landscape mapping performed for the first time, which is the basis for assessing the modes of use of the territory for planning measures for the improvement of the cluster with the analysis of project proposals for development, have been considered. The established complex mosaic of geosystems, formed by natural and anthropogenic processes and connections, structural interdependencies and emergent effects, is the basis for landscape planning of the territory. The completed studies serve as an implemented element of the development of a master plan for development and the basis of the directions proposed by the authors for optimizing the territory for the effective performance of environmental and recreational functions.
204-223
Experimental Research and Modeling of Rain Floods in Urbanized Territories of the Moscow Region (on the Example of the Setun River)
Abstract
The Moscow agglomeration has a high proportion of impermeable surfaces, which leads to a specific water regime characterized by frequent short-term floods due to the rapid response of the catchment area to precipitation. For one of the largest tributaries of the Moskva River in the capital, the Setun River, the SWMM model was able to reproduce the passage of extreme flood events in 2020–2023. The model was calibrated using 30-minute monitoring data on water discharge and 10-minute precipitation rates obtained by interpolating to the center of the catchment. The performance of the model was assessed using relative error (RE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The calibration and verification results showed a good correlation between the modeled and measured maximum water discharges (R2 = 0.77) with relative errors ranging from 2 to 56%. The most accurate results were obtained for flood events with peak flow rates exceeding 15 m3/s.
224-244