Prospects for the use of radiolucent materials in the manufacture of external fixation devices

The current direction of searching for new technological solutions for improve the performance characteristics of medical devices is the use of non-radiopaque materials. The literature and analyzes the possibility of using modern composite materials with non-radiopaque properties in external fixation devices (EFD) are reviewed in the paper. The most significant aspects of using polymer composites in medical devices are highlighted. The physical, mechanical and radiographic properties of composite materials that are most suitable for creating beam-rod and ring devices are described. An additional advantage of non-radiopaque EFD is highlighted: lightness, ensured by the low density of polymeric materials, which are the matrix for composites, compared to metal alloys from which the elements of the EFD are made. The possibility of autoclave sterilization of products made of polymer composites that have the potential to be used as components of external fixation devices is shown. Clinical cases of using external fixators that have non-radiopaque components in their design are considered and examples of commercial (mass-produced) external fixation devices are given. The possibility of using 3D printing to create EFD components, which is not currently considered as the main technology for creating the EFD, has been demonstrated. Non-radiopaque EFD made of modern composite materials facilitate better fracture reposition, targeted radiation therapy in the required doses, and accurate radiographic visualization during the intraoperative and postoperative periods. This allows for timely treatment adjustments and reduces the risks of possible complications. The development of EFD is a promising scientific and production area aimed at solving specific clinical problems.