Role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and possibilities of anti-inflammatory therapy

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Abstract

In modern scientific society several alternative hypotheses for the formation of Alzheimer’s disease are considered, proposed on the basis of data obtained as a result of research. In almost any of them, the development of an immuno-inflammatory response is discussed as one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. It was found that the development of neurodegeneration is accompanied by the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other markers of inflammation in the peripheral blood and brain tissues. At the same time, the obtained results suggest that the main role in pathogenesis may be played by T-helpers of the Th17 population that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In addition, microglia, which is the main immune-presenting component of the central nervous system, and astrocytes, which are capable of excessive production of pro- inflammatory cytokines and regulation of β-amyloid clearance, are considered as key components in these reactions. Based on these data, attempts are being made to develop drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect and can positively influence the dynamics of the disease. The initial results obtained in some cases demonstrate a certain positive effect, which suggests that there is a therapeutic potential for this type of therapy.

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About the authors

Sergey V. Vorobev

Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: emelinand@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, 194100, Saint Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2

Andrey Yu. Emelin

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Author for correspondence.
Email: emelinand@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5801-1480
SPIN-code: 9650-1368
Scopus Author ID: 35773115100
ResearcherId: Ш-8241-2016

Профессор

Кафедра нервных болезней

Russian Federation, 194044, Saint Petersburg, Academician Lebedev str., 6

Raisa N. Kuznetsova

First St. Petersburg state medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov

Email: emelinand@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Leo Tolstoy str., 6-8

Igor V. Kudryavtsev

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: emelinand@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, 197376, Saint Petersburg, Academician Pavlov str., 12

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2. Figure: 1. Diagram of the main links in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A number of events provoked by the development of an immune inflammatory response are indicated. β-A 42 - pathological insoluble protein β-amyloid

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3. Figure: 2. The main effector endpoints of anti-inflammatory drugs investigated in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; COX - cyclooxygenase; NSAIDs - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; MAPK - mitogen-activated protein kinases

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Copyright (c) 2021 Vorobev S.V., Emelin A.Y., Kuznetsova R.N., Kudryavtsev I.V.

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