Vol XLVI, No 3 (2014)

There were studied features of the pregnancy course, birth, status of newborns in the group of mothers with epilepsy. It was shown that in mothers with epilepsy significantly more frequently such adverse factors of pregnancy, as anemia, toxemia, pyelonephritis, and the threat of miscarriage were revealed. The conclusion about the need for timely planning of pregnancy in women with epilepsy, in order to prevent complications of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as to reduce the likelihood of hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic lesions of the Central nervous system of the fetus has been made.

There was studied the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in 213 juveniles aged 15-16 years in the period of retention after active orthodontic treatment with the help of retained hardware. The dependence of the recurrence of the functional state of autonomic nervous system and the adaptive-mechanisms was determined. A relapse in the period following the active orthodontic retention treatment occurs in patients with high voltage and overvoltage of autonomic reactivity followed by the mismatch of ANS control and decreased adaptive capacity of the body and phenomena of vegetative dysfunction.

In this review we present basic data on the biological role of different types of pain, and how pain is generated in the peripheral part of the nociceptive system. Many issues of peripheral nociception, which have a specific regional character, become clear only recently, thanks to new molecular and cellular technologies. Uncovering the molecular nature of pain transducers allows us to search now for specific analgesics and this gives us a hope that these new agents will reach the stage of wide clinical applications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. This review precedes a series of other articles devoted to pain studies to be published in this and in the subsequent issues of the journal Nevrologicheskii Vestnik.

Article is devoted to the review of modern researches of pain at the mentally sick. Specifics of painful sensitivity and the pain experiences at persons with neurotic, depressive disorders, schizophrenia, and autism are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the psychological phenomenon of “catastrophization” of pain differently proves in neurotic and psychotic psychopathological register and domination of positive or negative psychopathological symptoms.

The review provides data on the combination of headache with arterial and intracranial hypertension. Clinical-epidemiological and neurobiological aspects of the problem are considered. The mechanisms for the development and clinical significance of “hypertensive headache” and «hypertension associated hypalgesia» were discussed.

There was presented a review of literature, devoted to epidemiologic, clinical and neurovisual peculiarities of tumor-like multiple sclerosis after study of results of some major researches. There were revealed diagnostic features of functional research methods, which allow differentiating tumor-like multiple sclerosis from the tumor one. Morphological peculiarities of tumor-like multiple sclerosis have been analyzed and supporting points for diagnosis of this rare form of the disease have been established.

The review provides domestic and international definitions and classifications of malignant alcoholism (MA), describes the clinical features of its course and risk factors. The role of organic brain damage in the MA development is emphasized, especially the traumatic brain injury. Neurobiological aspects of MA are also described in the review. The role of the patient’s age in the development of MA is analyzed. It is shown that development of alcohol dependence is associated not only with the age of onset of alcohol consumption, but also with a number of other risk factors. It is concluded that the complex multifactorial etiology of malignant alcoholism requires taking into account all the factorsinfluencing the development of this disease in each particularpatient to reach better treatment outcome.

Features of the cognitive sphere in Tuvinian and Russian persons with alcohol dependence were studied. The higher intensity of decrease in productivity of memorization and available level of the generalization in Tuvinian patients with alcoholism was revealed. Graphic indicators of organic disorders in alcoholism were established.

Surveillance case described familial hemiplegic migraine in18 year-old patient with duration of 6 years. There was provided an overview of contemporary literature, indicating the prevalence of major symptoms traditionally considered mandatory for the diagnosis of familial hemiplegic migraine. The article outlines the scientific data on the various clinical manifestations of the syndrome.