New psychoactive substances: kratom, DMT, serotonergic hallucinogens, dissociative drugs. The mechanism of action, psychoactive effects

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Through the times of human culture there was a desire of using various chemical compounds, obtained from both natural plant material and artificially synthesized, for recreational purposes. These substances can cause changes in the mental state, influence the human behavior, change social activity. The review is devoted to NPS, which have only been thoroughly studied in recent years. These substances include: mitragynine (Kratom), dimethyltryptamine, a new generation of serotonergic hallucinogens, ketamine, and other dissociative substances.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Andrey V. Antsyborov

Medical Center «Alpha Health Center»

Author for correspondence.
Email: andrei.v.ancyborov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Socialistic str., 154 «a»

References

  1. Головко А.И. и др. Токсикологическая характе-ристика дизайнерских наркотиков // Клиническая медицина: Терапия. Клиническая токсикология. 2015. Т. 16. С. 26‒57.
  2. Менделевич В.Д. Психотические расстройства в результате употребления наркотиков: современное состояние проблемы // Наркология. 2014. №. 7. С. 93‒100.
  3. Bokor G., Anderson P.D. Ketamine: an update on its abuse // Journal of pharmacy practice. 2014. Vol. 27 (6). P. 582‒586.
  4. Carbonaro T.M., Gatch M.B. Neuropharmacology of N, N-dimethyltryptamine // Brain research bulletin. 2016. Vol. 126. P. 74‒88.
  5. Fantegrossi W. E., Murnane K. S., Reissig C. J. The behavioral pharmacology of hallucinogens // Biochemical pharmacology. 2008. Vol. 75 (1). P. 17‒33.
  6. Frecska E., Bokor P., Winkelman M. The therapeutic potentials of ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization // Frontiers in pharmacology. 2016. Vol. 7.
  7. Halberstadt A.L. Pharmacology and toxicology of N-benzylphenethylamine (“NBOMe”) hallucinogens // Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). Springer, Cham, 2017. P. 283‒311.
  8. Halberstadt A.L., Geyer M.A. Multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens // Neuropharmacology. 2011. Vol. 61 (3). P. 364‒381.
  9. Halberstadt A.L., Nichols D.E. 7-Serotonin and Serotonin Receptors in Hallucinogen Action // Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience. 2010. Vol. 21. P. 621‒636.
  10. Hollister L.E. Effects of hallucinogens in humans // Hallucinogens: Neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives. 1984. P. 19‒33.
  11. Jay M. High society: The central role of mind-altering drugs in history, science, and culture. Simon and Schuster, 2010.
  12. Lawn W. et al. The NBOMe hallucinogenic drug series: patterns of use, characteristics of users and self-reported effects in a large international sample // Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2014. Vol. 28 (8). P. 780‒788.
  13. Litjens R.P.W. et al. Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder and the serotonergic system: a comprehensive review including new MDMA-related clinical cases // European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014. Vol. 24 (8). P. 1309‒1323.
  14. Liu Y. et al. Ketamine abuse potential and use disorder // Brain research bulletin. 2016. Vol. 126. P. 68‒73.
  15. Logan B.K. et al. Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2013–2016: A Review // Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2017. P. 1‒38.
  16. Mason K. et al. Ketamine-associated lower urinary tract destruction: a new radiological challenge // Clinical radiology. 2010. Vol. 65 (10). P. 795‒800.
  17. Morris H., Wallach J. From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs // Drug testing and analysis. 2014. Vol. 6 (7-8). P. 614‒632.
  18. Nichols D. E. Psychedelics // Pharmacological reviews. 2016. Vol. 68 (2). P. 264‒355.
  19. Ott J. Pharmahuasca: human pharmacology of oral DMT plus harmine // Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1999. Vol. 31 (2). P. 171‒177.
  20. Powers III A.R. et al. Ketamine-induced hallucina-tions // Psychopathology. 2015. Vol. 48 (6). P. 376‒385.
  21. Prozialeck W.C. Update on the pharmacology and legal status of kratom // J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2016. Vol. 116 (12). P. 802‒809.
  22. Schifano F. et al. Novel psychoactive substances: the pharmacology of stimulants and hallucinogens // Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Vol. 9 (7). P. 943‒954.
  23. Shamima A.R. et al. Antinociceptive action of isolated mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa through activation of opioid receptor system // International journal of molecular sciences. 2012. Vol. 13 (9). P. 11427‒11442.
  24. Shulgin A., Phenethylamines I. have known and loved (PiHKAL): a chemical love story. Berkeley, 1991.
  25. Simmler L.D. et al. Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives // Biochemical pharmacology. 2014. V. 88 (2). P. 237–244.
  26. Srisuma S., Bronstein A.C., Hoyte C.O. NBOMe and 2C substitute phenylethylamine exposures reported to the National Poison Data System // Clinical toxicology. 2015. Vol. 53 (7). P. 624‒628.
  27. Suhaimi F.W. et al. Neurobiology of Kratom and its main alkaloid mitragynine // Brain research bulletin. 2016. Vol. 126. P. 29‒40.
  28. Szabo A., Frecska E. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): a biochemical Swiss Army knife in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection? // Neural regeneration research. 2016. Vol. 11 (3). P. 396.
  29. Wadley G. How psychoactive drugs shape human culture: A multi-disciplinary perspective // Brain research bulletin. 2016. Vol. 126. P. 138‒151.
  30. Yusoff N.H.M. et al. Abuse potential and adverse cognitive effects of mitragynine (kratom) // Addiction biology. 2016. Vol. 21 (1). P. 98‒110.
  31. Zawilska J.B., Andrzejczak D. Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon–A complex problem to face // Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015. Vol. 157. P. 1‒17.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2023 Eco-Vector


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 75562 от 12 апреля 2019 года.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies