Vol 26, No 10 (2023)

The article presents the results of research on modern analytical technologies, which are becoming more important. It is shown that an actively developing approach to early diagnosis of diseases is metabolomics, which studies the biochemical transformations of molecules in the cells of the body. Metabolomic studies based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry open up many opportunities for studying the complete metabolomic profile and especially its disorders resulting from adverse environmental factors or gene expression transformation (epigenetics). It is proved that the most common research methods in the framework of modern metabolomics are considered to be metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiling. The large possibilities of metabolomic profiling allow us to solve a significant number of fundamental and clinical problems.

Fundamental and clinical scientific data have demonstrated the feasibility of a multilateral study of the genesis and course of neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level. Violation of metabolic pathways in certain organs and tissues can lead to significant changes in the composition of circulating peripheral blood metabolites or brain neurometabolites. Metabolism covers a wide range of biochemical reactions of the body and a diverse set of metabolites, therefore, pathological factors are able to change the metabolic profile of the body at different levels.

Analysis of domestic and foreign literature has shown that quantitative determination of lipids in biological samples (lipidomics) is considered equally important in metabolic profiling. This opens up great opportunities for the study of metabolic transformations of lipid molecules, as well as lipid-dependent mechanisms, which is extremely important for the study of neurodegenerative, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, since, depending on the associated biochemical pathways of the disease, lipids serve as potential marker molecules of these disorders and can be regarded as necessary diagnostic techniques.

The conclusion is formulated about the importance of studying metabolic disorders, a more detailed understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of diseases at the molecular level, the search for new marker molecules and additional factors leading to pathological conditions of the body.

Introduction. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable and completely biocompatible component, and in combination with various modifying additives can be suitable for the manufacture of medical products used in surgical practice as bone implants or their parts. There implants have a number of advantages over traditional metal products, but for their integration into the body they require thorough sterilization cleaning, which in the case of polymer compositions has a number of limitations associated with the possible destruction of the material structure during various cleaning stages.

Purpose of the study. Find optimal methods for sterilization and disinfection of materials based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and an elastomeric additive – butadiene-nitrile rubber (NBR-28).

Material and methods. Two-component PHB-NBR compositions with PHB content from 30 to 90% were studied. Four methods of sterilization and disinfection were used: autoclaving, air sterilization, disinfection with chlorine solution and ethanol solution. Determined mechanical characteristics are strength and elongation of the material at break. Sterility control – by the method of washings with subsequent observation of the growth of bacteria and fungi in Sabouraud's medium and thioglycollate medium.

Results. Sterilized and disinfected samples showed no microbial growth in both culture media. No change in mechanical characteristics was detected for samples subjected to solution cleaning methods. High temperature cleaning reduced the mechanical properties of samples by 20–80% depending on the sterilization mode.

Conclusions. The data obtained show that for sterilization and disinfection of PCM based on the biodegradable polymer PHB, solution methods are suitable without restrictions and the autoclave sterilization method is suitable with minor restrictions, while air sterilization leads to the destruction of PCM.

Relevance. The search for supplements with choleretic activity is of great interest due to their detoxicant properties and possible hepatoprotective effect.

The aim of our study was to evaluate choleretic effect of the complex plant supplement comprised of Hypecoum erectum L.; Hedysarum dahuricum Turcz. ex B.Fedtsch.; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.; Calendula officinalis L.; Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. dry extracts.

Material and methods. The research was conducted on an animal model of acute liver damage induced by CCl₄ in 84 albino Wistar rats. The studied complex plant supplement was researched in doses of 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg in the course of 14 days starting from the 2^nd day of the experiment. Choleretic properties were evaluated by both the speed of bile secretion (mg/min) per 100 g of animal weight and the total amount of bile secreted during four hours of observation.

Results. It has been established that the use of the dry extract in tetrachloromethane hepatitis in white rats has a choleretic effect characterized by an increase in the rate of bile secretion, an increase in the amount of discharged bile and the growing concentration of bile acids.

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a substantial rise in the utilization of biostimulants in agricultural crop production. The authors’ extensive research over the years has revealed that the byproduct of bacterial degradation of paracetamol exhibits a notable stimulatory effect on various medicinal and agricultural plants from different families. It serves as an inducer for the accumulation of biologically active substances in these plants, thereby making it a promising and efficient biostimulant.

The purpose of this study is to establish a comprehensive set of indicators and create a preliminary specification for the quality control of the bacterial degradation product of paracetamol, which serves as a new biostimulant for medicinal and agricultural plants.

Material and methods. For this study, we utilized the bacterial degradation product of paracetamol, derived from a pharmaceutical substance with an expired shelf life. The product was obtained from the Laboratory of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS (Perm). We employed various methods to analyze the product, including determining the melting point through the capillary method, assessing lead, cadmium, and arsenic content using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal atomization (MGA-915M, Lumex, Russia) and the Mga software on a personal computer running the Windows®-2000/XP operating system. Additionally, we recorded the IR spectrum using a Specord M80 IR spectrometer (Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Germany), and the electronic spectra were obtained with a Lambda EZ 201 spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, USA). The quantification of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups was performed through back acid-base potentiometric titration.

Results: The product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol is practically insoluble in water, ether, very slightly soluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in hexane and acetonitrile, soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate, freely soluble in methyl alcohol, 95% ethyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide. The melting point ranged from 150 to 206 °C, with decomposition. The heavy metal and arsenic content in samples of the product with varying shelf life complied with the standards outlined in general pharmacopoeia monograph 1.5.3.0009.15. The IR spectrum exhibited characteristic absorption bands of functional groups, including C–H aromatic (3042 cm^-1), –OH phenolic (3425 cm^-1), –NH– (3200 cm^-1), and C= N (1609 cm^-1). The electronic spectra of product solutions, in the concentration range of 5·10^-6 to 2.5·10^-5 g/cm³, displayed absorption maxima at λ=218 and λ=318 nm. The content of phenolic hydroxyls in the product composition ranged from 4.22 to 5.16 mmol-eq/g, while carboxyl groups ranged from 1.76 to 3.05 mmol-eq/g, comparable to the quantities found in humic acids.

Conclusions. We have established a comprehensive list of indicators and developed a preliminary specification for the quality control of the bacterial degradation product of paracetamol as a biostimulant for medicinal and agricultural plants.

Introduction. Fulvic acid as a fraction of humic substances is a hydrophilic molecule that can form aggregated particles in solutions. This can cause problems in the development of topical formulations such as ointments, gels and transdermal patches. In such cases, the development of formulations improving the penetration of small polar molecules through the lipophilic stratum corneum are required.

Aim of the report – the development of compositions of transdermal therapeutic system and study of release of humic derivatives from them.

Material and methods. Objects of the study: Transdermal patch is a dosage form for external use intended for controlled delivery of a medicinal substance (substances) into the systemic circulation by passive diffusion through intact skin. Fulvic acid (FA) was studied as humic derivatives. Determination of the release rate of the active substance from the base and modified formulations was carried out according the pharmaceutical article Dissolution for transdermal patches. Determination of the concentration of fulvic acid in the aqueous extracts is carried out using spectrofluorimetry (spectrofluorimeter SolarCM 2203).

Results. Emulsion transdermal patches have been developed and investigated. Based on the dissolution test for transdermal patches, the following results were obtained. The amount of FA released from the transdermal patches, with an initial content of 0.016 g, was equal to: (0.0081±0.0002) g (composition 1, Kolliphop p237) in 8.25 hours (495 minutes); (0.0046±0.0003) g (composition 2, Kolliphor p338), for 8.5 hours (510 min); (0.0048±0.0002) g (basic composition), for 6.5 hours (390 min).

Conclusions. From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the modified composition 1 (Kolliphor p237) showed the best result in the release of fulvic acid in comparison with other compositions.