"Omix" technologies: biochemical features of action neuro- and tissue-specific markers (review)

The article presents the results of research on modern analytical technologies, which are becoming more important. It is shown that an actively developing approach to early diagnosis of diseases is metabolomics, which studies the biochemical transformations of molecules in the cells of the body. Metabolomic studies based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry open up many opportunities for studying the complete metabolomic profile and especially its disorders resulting from adverse environmental factors or gene expression transformation (epigenetics). It is proved that the most common research methods in the framework of modern metabolomics are considered to be metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiling. The large possibilities of metabolomic profiling allow us to solve a significant number of fundamental and clinical problems.

Fundamental and clinical scientific data have demonstrated the feasibility of a multilateral study of the genesis and course of neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level. Violation of metabolic pathways in certain organs and tissues can lead to significant changes in the composition of circulating peripheral blood metabolites or brain neurometabolites. Metabolism covers a wide range of biochemical reactions of the body and a diverse set of metabolites, therefore, pathological factors are able to change the metabolic profile of the body at different levels.

Analysis of domestic and foreign literature has shown that quantitative determination of lipids in biological samples (lipidomics) is considered equally important in metabolic profiling. This opens up great opportunities for the study of metabolic transformations of lipid molecules, as well as lipid-dependent mechanisms, which is extremely important for the study of neurodegenerative, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, since, depending on the associated biochemical pathways of the disease, lipids serve as potential marker molecules of these disorders and can be regarded as necessary diagnostic techniques.

The conclusion is formulated about the importance of studying metabolic disorders, a more detailed understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of diseases at the molecular level, the search for new marker molecules and additional factors leading to pathological conditions of the body.