Phenol compounds of Solidago dahurica flora of Eastern Siberia: chemical composition, accumulation dynamics, and biological activity forecasting

Introduction. Phenolic compounds have a wide range of biological activity. They are part of phytopharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases that are among the most common diseases that require long-term therapy and prevention. In the ethnopharmacology of Siberia, Solidago dahurica Kitag. is used as a means for removing kidney stones, as a diuretic, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The study of the phenolic compounds of Solidago dahurica is an important task.

The aim of the study – to study the composition and content of phenolic compounds in Solidago dahurica, to assess the dynamics of their accumulation, and to predict the biological activity of the contained phenolic compounds.

Material and methods. The object of the study is the above-ground part of S. dahurica, collected in various phases of vegetation in the Irkutsk region. The isolation and identification of phenolic compounds were carried out using microcolumn chromatography. The content of phenolic compounds was determined using permanganate titration, and the sum of flavones was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The content of phenolic compounds was determined by permanganate titration, and the sum of flavonoids and phenolic carboxylic acids was determined by spectrophotometry using a Leki SS1207 spectrophotometer. The prediction of biological activity was carried out using the PASS software, with a threshold probability level of Paі 0.500.

Results. As a result of the conducted studies, 8 compounds were isolated and identified, of which 4 flavonols were quercetin–3-O-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isoramnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissin), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; 3 phenolic carboxylic acids - 3–caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic), 3,5-dicofeylchinic and 4,5-dicofeylchinic; as well as bisglucoside – leiocarposide. The dominant phenolic compounds were chlorogenic acid (3,11 mg/g) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2,96 mg/g). In S. dahurica, 5 compounds were discovered for the first time: rutin, narcissin, 3,5- and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids, and leiocarposide. When studying the accumulation dynamics, it was found that the maximum amount of phenolic compounds, as well as flavonoids and phenolic carboxylic acids, accumulates in the aerial part during the flowering period – 8,48%, 4,98%, and 1,44%, respectively. The isolated phenolic compounds have a high predictive level of the following types of biological activity: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, choleretic, diuretic, and hemostatic (Pa from 0,504 to 0,992).

Conclusions. 8 phenolic compounds – flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids and bisglucoside have been isolated and identified from the above-ground part of S. dahurica. The maximum amount of these compounds is accumulated during the flowering period. The isolated phenolic compounds have a high prognostic level in relation to the manifestation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, choleretic, diuretic and hemostatic activity.