Volume 9, Nº 1-2 (2009)

Zuikov AV, Semenova ТP, Kozlovskiy II, Zakharova NM, Andreeva LA, Коzlovskaya MM. [Adaptive Behavior and the State of Functional Activity of the Endogeneous Opioid System]. Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9(1-2). Epub 2009 May 04. Russian. BACKGROUND: It has been established that the endogenous opiates and peptides play important role in the regulation of cognitive processes and stress resistance in numerous species. In this study we present the effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone and selank, the tuftsin analogue with anxiolitic and nootropic activity, on adaptive behavior of the hibernator, ground squirrel. The role of the functional activity of the brain opioid system (OS) in the regulation of adaptive behavior of hibernators has been studied. METHODS: The functional activity of OS was changed by injecting naloxone (1 mg/kg), an opioid receptor blocker, and the selank (300 μg/kg), which is capable of inhibiting brain enkephalinase. The experiments were performed on Jakutian long-tailed ground squirrels Spermophilus undulatus (n = 19) in the spring and autumn periods of the annual cycle. The adaptive behavior was studied in a stress situation by the method of «open field» and in new surroundings using the «holeboard» method. RESULTS: It was shown that selank activated the parameters of adaptive behavior in both experimental situations. Naloxone reduced the adaptive capacity caused by the selank-induced activation of OS, impairing the adaptive behavior in the open field. The effect of naloxone was most clearly pronounced in the autumn period of the annual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the interrelationship of the effects of naloxone and the selank on the functional activity of OS and the adaptive behavior of ground squirrels in the transition periods of the annual cycle: the entry to, and arousal from hibernation. [in Russian with English Summary]. Citation: Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9(1-2): 2510-2516

Shabanov PD, Lebedev AA, Lyubimov AV, Kornilov VA. [Dinamics of the Brain Self-stimulation after Forced Administration of Psychoactive Drugs]. Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9(1-2). Epub 2009 May 04. Russian. Wistar rats with implanted into the lateral hypothalamus electrodes received within 4 days i.p. the following drugs in elevated doses: 1) physiological saline (control; 0.1-0.2-0.4-0.8 ml/rat), 2) psychostimulant amphetamine (0.5-1.0-2.0-4.0 mg/kg); 3) opioid fentanyl (0.00625-0.0125-0.025-0.05 mg/kg), 4) ethanol 40% solution (0.5-1.0-2.0-4.0 g/kg), 5) barbiturate sodium ethaminal (2.5-5-10-20 mg/kg) or 6) synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (0.5-1.0-2.0-4.0 mg/kg). The forced regimen of drug administration led to gradual load of the organism and prevented drug tolerance. The self-stimulation reaction of the lateral hypothalamus was registered every day within drug administration. The forced (in elevated doses) administration of psychoactive drugs revealed the following regularity: firstly, the dose-dependent effect of psychostimulant amphetamine and opioid fentanyl; secondly, dexamethasone modulated self-stimulation, increasing (2 day, 1 mg/kg) or decreasing it (3 day, 2 mg/kg); thirdly, ethanol (1-2 g/kg) activated self-stimulation slightly. At last, sodium ethaminal slightly inhibited self-stimulation and increased the thresholds of self-stimulation. Therefore, self-stimulation reaction is suitable method to evaluate the reinforcing properties of drugs after their forced administration. [in Russian with English Summary]. Citation: Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9 (1-2): 2524-2529

Yunusov IA, Zarubina IV. [The Effect of Cytoflavine on Bioenergetic Processes in the Liver after Severe Compression Trauma of Legs]. Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9(1-2). Epub 2009 May 04. Russian. In the experiments on rats was shown that the severe compression trauma of leg muscles was accompanied with reduction of energetic potential of the liver. Cytoflavine injected to traumatized rats increased the contents of ATP and cAMP, decreased the level of ADP and AMP, recovering the energetic potential of adenine nucleotides in the liver. [in Russian with English Summary]. Citation: Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9 (1-2): 2540-2545

Aksyonova-Sorohtej JuN, Novikov VE. [Examination as a Source of Data Obtaining about a Teenager Personality Abusing Psychoactive Agents]. Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9(1-2). Epub 2009 May 04. Russian. The research of individual psychological features of the teenagers made offences and using psychoactive agents has been carried out. The important role of psychological and psychiatric examination for data obtaining about a personality of lawless juveniles abusing narcotic and psychotropic agents has been proved. [in Russian with English Summary]. Citation: Psychopharmacol Biol Narcol. 2009; 9 (1-2): 2556-2558