Age features of the expression of signal molecules - protein p53, collagen type II, VEGF and VEGFR in bioptates of intact myometry in uterine myoma

Introduction. Leiomyomas also called fibroids, is the most common benign gynecological tumor in premenopausal women. The complex pathogenesis shows multiple biogenetical and multifactorial aspects to influence the etiology and growth of leiomyomas. A clinical and morpho-immunohistochemical study of 40patients aged from 25 to 43 years with diagnosed uterine myoma was conducted. As a result, the presence of two variants of the development of myomatous nodes as simple fibroids and proliferating fibroids in the reproductive age was confirmed with the latter to be more prevailed. The myomatous node arising from progenitor muscle cells of the vascular wall is characterized by increased expression of p53 protein in women over 36 years, high expression of growth factors (VEGF and VEGFR), the formation of a capillary network and low apoptosis, which causes their rapid growth (proliferating development). The aim of the study. To study the correlation of expression of p53, type II collagen, VEGF and VEGFR in biopsy specimens of intact myometrium in women of different age groups. Methods. Immunofluorescence and morphometric analysis of p53 proteins, type II collagen, VEGF and VEGFR using Olympus FV1000. Results. The average area of p53 protein expression in the second group was higher (p>0,05) and amounted to 6,3±2,74, while in the first group it accounted of 5,0±2,14. VEGF and VEGFR levels were statistically significantly (p<0,05) higher in proliferating myomas in women from the first group (VEGF - 23,51±6,97%; VEGFR - 26,31±4,11%) if compared to the second group (VEGF - 5,75±2,39%; VEGFR - 9,29±1,85%). In the study of type II collagen, the expression area in the first group (3,23±1,83%) was twice less if compared with the second group (7,37±3,95%). The expression of the investigated marker in terms of optical density had a similar tendency. Conclusion. The revealed features of proliferation, apoptosis, and neoangiogenesis indicate new aspects of pathogenetically substantiated therapy for uterine fibroids. It becomes possible to develop drugs that contribute to the inhibition of the processes of proliferation, neoangiogenesis, and stimulation of apoptosis. Apparently, this group of drugs will occupy an important place in therapeutic agents for conservative treatment at the initial stage of the development of myomatous nodes in young women.

leiomyomas, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, growth factors