Cytokines for allergic diseases

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Abstract

Introduction. In allergic diseases a T-helper (Th) type 2 immune response with activation of B-lymphocytes secreting IgE immunoglobulins is prevalent. The majority of IgE binds with Fcε mast cells receptors. Repeated contacts between allergen and specific IgE on the surface of mast cells result in Fcε-receptors cross-linking, degranulation and release of inflammation mediators such as histamine, proteases, cytokines and chemokines. The aim of the study: analysis of general properties and specific features of cytokine profiles for immediate hypersensitivity reactions including bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AD) and urticarial (U). Results. During the sensitizing stage the induction of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6 gene expression activates the B-cells production of specific antibodies of class IgE. The subsequent cascade enhancement results from IL-4, IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor (GM-CSF) action. Additionally, IL-17 stimulates Th2 cytokines and eosinophilia development. Besides common cytokines for all allergic diseases, BA has increased levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, IFNγ and TNFα as well as anti-inflammatory IL-37. AD increases the production of Th22, some Th17 cytokines and IL-37. Specific features of U include production of IL-9, IL-10, IL-22, IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoetin. Conclusion. Identification of cytokines responsible for development of allergic diseases, mainly IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 permits to design new therapy approaches targeted at inhibiting of those ILs by using specific recombinant receptors or humanized monoclonal antibodies as well as by inactivating the corresponding mRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes and DNA enzymes, short interfering RNA, decoys and aptamers. For supression of Th2 cytokines interferon-γ, IL-12 and IL-37 can be used.

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About the authors

Olga Vladimirovna Morozova

Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of N.F. Gamaleya of the Russian Ministry of Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: omorozova2010@gmail.com
Leading researcher; Doctor of Sciences Malaya Pirogovskaya Street 1а, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation; Gamaleya Street 16, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation

Tatiana Petrovna Ospelnikova

National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of N.F. Gamaleya of the Russian Ministry of Health; Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of I.I. Mechnikov

Email: ospelnikovat@mail.ru
Head of interferons laboratory; senior researcher; Ph.D., Medical Doctor. Gamaleya Street 16, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation; Malyj Kazjonnyj per., building 5a, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation

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