The role of oxidative stress in the formation of adaptive processes in the body

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Abstract

Introduction. Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in various pathological processes, and acting as a nonspecific link in their pathogenesis. Less is known about its physiological role.

The aim of study. Analysis of the results of world literature data and our own research on the participation of oxidative stress in the formation of adaptation processes in the body, under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors.

Methods. Analysis of the results of studies published in international databases (Pubmed, Elsevier) and Russian concerning the physiological role of OS, published over the past 20 years.

Results. The article presents numerous information that OS acts as a nonspecific link in the body’s adaptation. The implementation of its physiological effects is associated with a change in the redox state of the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell, which leads to the reversible oxidation of intracellular proteins and contributes to the modulation of their properties. As a result of this, the synthesis changes and the manifestation of the activity of a number of intracellular proteins (enzymes, chaperones, transcription factors) that provide protection from the action of damaging factors is modulated.

Conclusion. The authors conclude that it is inappropriate to use antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with the occurrence of moderate oxidative stress (oxidative eustress).

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About the authors

Vadim V. Davydov

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Author for correspondence.
Email: vaddavydov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3347-1832

professor of the department of biochemistry and molecular biology, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Doctor of Medical Sci., professor

 

Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova st., 1, Moscow, 117997; Dmitry Ulyanov st., 11, Moscow, 115478

Alexander Vy. Shestopalov

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology; Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology

Email: al-shest@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1428-7706

Holder of the department of biochemistry and molecular biology, Holder of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Holder of the department of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center, Doctor of Medical Sci., professor

Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova st., 1, Moscow, 117997; Dmitry Ulyanov st., 11, Moscow, 115478; Samory Mashela st., 1, Moscow, 117997

Sergey A. Roumiantsev

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology

Email: s_roumiantsev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7418-0222

Holder of the department of oncology, hematology and radiation therapy, Deputy Director, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sci., professor

Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova st., 1, Moscow, 117997; Dmitry Ulyanov st., 11, Moscow, 115478

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Oxidation residue of cysteine in the polypeptide chain of protein by ROS

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3. Fig.2. The major pathways metabolism of residues of sulfenic acid in polypeptide chains of proteins

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4. Fig. 3. The enzyme as sensors and messengers of cell response for effects of prooxidant factors

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5. Fig. 4. Adaptive switching of glucose metabolism in the cell during changes of its redox-status

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6. Fig. 5. Mechanisms of participation of oxidative stress in cell damage and its adaptation to injury under oxidative stress (-) – inhibition of processes during oxidative stress

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7. Fig. 6. Feedback regulation of antioxidant system during oxidative stress

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8. Fig. 7. Participation of carbonyl products of free radical oxidation in the injury effects of oxidative stress

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