New diagnostic biomarkers for early stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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Abstract

Currently, the diagnosis of early stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is one of the most challenging tasks in dermatology. This review is devoted to the analysis of new immunohistochemical (IHC) markers that could be considered diagnostic for the detection of CTCL, as well as potential targets for targeted therapy of the disease.

The aim of this review was to determine and summarize new promising biomarkers that are not currently used for the diagnosis of early stages of CTCL.

Material and methods: the analysis and systematization of scientific literature over the past 5 years was carried out in the PubMed database using the search algorithm: “cutaneous T-cell lymphoma” AND (“immunohistochem” OR “IHC” OR “expression”).

Results. All found biomarkers were divided into 3 groups:

  • Tumor progression markers: OX40 и OX40L, ICOS, TOX, GATA-3, TSP-1, CD47, YKL-40, IKZF2, E-FABP, CXCR4, CD69, HSPA1A, ZFP36, TXNIP and IL7R;
  • Differential diagnostic markers: STAT4, YKL-40, BCL11B, CD70, hBD-2 and psoriasin;
  • Tumor microenvironment markers: IL-10, PD-L1, FAP-α, CD69, granzyme B, NKp46, TIM3, CD57 and LAG3.

Conclusion. The most promising marker to diagnose the early stages is YKL-40 since it can serve as both a prognostic and differential diagnostic marker.

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About the authors

Olga A. Gafurova

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: lobanova_o_a@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6813-3374

Pathologist, Assistant of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Oleg N. Danilik

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: oleg.danilik7@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-8841-6275

student of the Institute of Biodesign and Modelling of Complex Systems

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Olesya V. Anufrieva

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: benrimasalmin@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-2525-5272

student of the Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelubin

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Yana V. Syrovatskaya

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: yana.syr@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-7095-3955

student of the Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Margarita A. Orobets

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: margaret.orobets@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-4231-5329

student of the Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Regina A. Artykova

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: Artykovara@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4949-7183

student of the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Eva A. Gosteeva

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: gosteeva_e_a@student.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-1541-4439

student of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Pediatric Health

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Ekaterina E. Rudenko

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: rudenko_e_e@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0000-1439

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, Professor Assistant at the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

Vera A. Smolyannikova

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: smva@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7759-5378

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology

Russian Federation, st. Trubetskaya, 8/2, Moscow, 119048

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