卷 21, 编号 2-2 (2019)

As a result of the introduction studies of the genus Hemerocallis L., it has been established that in the conditions of the Kola Arctic, it is possible to successfully preserve and grow a large number of wild-growing species of this genus, relocated from various ecological and geographical areas of the globe. The results of ecological and geographical analysis indicate that the species of the genus Hemerocallis obey the General laws of plant migration to the Polar North. The survival scores (SS) and the introduction coefficients (IC) of plants of the group of obligate oreophytes of the subalpine belt (H. dumortieri, H. forrestii) and the taiga zone (H. lilioasphodelus, H. middendorfii. H. yezoensis) are approximately the same SS - 4.1 and 4.5, IC - 0.8 and 1.0, respectively. Plants with a wide ecological amplitude (H. esculenta, H. minor (SS - 6.5, IC - 1.5) better adapt to the conditions of the Far North. These species are able to go through a full cycle of development in a short Northern summer, which usually does not exceed 90-115 days. The worst adapted to the new living conditions of plants found only in the broad-leaved forest zone (H. fulva var. aurantiaca: SS- 1.0, IC - 0.2). For further scientific and economic use of plants of the genus Hemerocallis in the Kola Subarctic should attract species that live in nature in the taiga zone, as well as in the sub alpine zone of the mountains.

The results of the study of the features of polymorphism of green toad populations within the city of Samara are presented. It was established that under conditions of low and medium transformation of habitats, a similar composition of analyzed morphs is observed with a predominance of the dominant type M2 («dark background, separate spots»), in a biotope with the lowest anthropopression - M1 («bright background, separate spots»). It was noted that a sharp decrease in diversity - to monomorphism (only the M2 phenotype is noted), in the conditions of habitat transformation - low-rise buildings.

Data on helminths of a red-bellied toad of Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761) from a flood plain of the Oka river (Kaluga region) are for the first time provided. In 2018 year of the full helminthological autopsy method investigated 37 specimen of amphibians. Six species of helminths from two taxonomic groups are registered: Trematoda (5) and Nematoda (1). Three species of trematodes (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Strigea strigis, mtc., Tylodelphys excavata, mtc.) are for the first time observed at amphibians of this region. Biohelminths (trematodes) dominate; nematodes are presented by the single species in adult stages of a group of geohelminths. The high contamination is noted by Tylodelphys excavata metacercaria stage. These circumstances are explained by features of biology, ecology and probably physiology of the host.

This article describes the database “Abiotic and biotic components of the lake Kandry-Kul ecosystem”, which contains information about the abiotic parameters of the water column and bottom sediments (physico-chemical properties of water; the concentration of major ions and of biogenic elements in the water; mineralization of water, type of and granulometric composition of the ground) and about biota ecosystem components (bacterio-, phyto-, protozoo and metazooplankton, bacteriobenthos) of the lake Kandry-Kul. The database which was created as a result of the lake ecosystem monitoring in 2010 and 2012 is intended for accounting, storing, systematizing and analytical processing of hydrochemical and hydrobiological data. The format and structure of the database make it possible to supplement it with new information that can be obtained in the course of subsequent studies of the lake ecosystem. On the basis of the data included in the database, one can carry out calculations to determine the type of mineralization, the level of productivity, the biodiversity of the plankton community, and fish feed base. The application fields of the database are scientific and applied researches on long-term monitoring of the lake Kandry-Kul ecosystem in the context of global climate changes in conditions of changing recreational load.

Due to the increase in oil production, there is an increased accumulation of natural radionuclides in molluscs, brought to the surface with formation waters when drilling wells. It is established that the accumulation of radionuclides in mollusks occurs both during life and after their death. In the process of work the features of accumulation were revealed and the coefficients of biological accumulation (KBA) of 238U and 232Th in the shells of bivalves of the Caspian sea were determined. The content of 238U и 232Th was determined by radiochemical method using ion exchange columns with anionite EDE-10P and subsequent colorimetry with arsenazo III on the photoelectric colorimeter KFK-2MP. The biological accumulation rate of uranium ranges from 10 to 78. The variability of uranium concentrations in shells depends on the individual characteristics of the mollusks, their age and the nature of the soil. KBA thorium in the shells of molluscs of the Caspian from 76 to 626, the concentration of thorium in the shells depends on torinosette food material. The unique structure of the crystal lattice of aragonite shells forms stable compounds with 238U, which is one of the factors of increased accumulation of this radionuclide in Didacna. Our results on uranium content in mollusk shells are consistent with the concept of primary biochemical accumulation of 238U in the organic matter of living organisms. Data on the accumulation of 238U and 232Th in the external skeleton of Bivalvia living near oil production sites can be used in monitoring.

Provides information about the anatomical and morphological rearrangements of the leaf apparatus of birch in the conditions of the waste dump of the Kedrovsky open-pit mine of the Kemerovo region. The reorganization of the morphological structure of the leaf consisted in reducing the size of the assimilation surface of hanging birch. Anatomical rearrangements of the lamina were manifested in a decrease in the power of photosynthetic tissues (mesophyll) and the upper epidermis, and an increase in the height of the cells of the lower epidermis. The results of the correlation analysis showed that under the conditions of the waste dump, there was a greater number of reliable correlations between the anatomical and morphological indicators of the structure of the birch leaf, and this was due to the formation of positive correlations.

The article presents the first results of parasitological studies of bats from two regions of the Urals: Perm Territory and the Republic of Bashkortostan. As you know, bats are still the least studied group of terrestrial vertebrates in the country. In the available literature on bats of the Ural region, information concerning their parasitofauna was not found by us. This applies to the most studied cave of the Urals at present - Kungurskaya ice (Perm Territory). In the course of the research, data were first obtained on the species composition of endoparasites and the invasion parameters of the northern skin of Eptesicus nilssoni living in the Perm Territory and Bashkortostan. This is the most widespread species of bats of the Urals for the first time indicated for the fauna of the Kungur ice cave.

The article presents the search for bacteriophages of rare morphotypes in phage lysates obtained inside the intestines of laboratory animals. In the Salmonella and Proteus phagolysates obtained by this method, bacteriophages of the Inoviridae and Tectiviridae families were found along with the tailed phages. Conducted morphological characteristics of the detected particles. Particles of Inoviridae had 600-1000 nm and a thickness of about 35 nm. The Tectiviridae particles were 87.5 nm and 80 nm wide. The particle had a thick double shell with a thickness of 12.5 nm. The thickness of the outer cover was 7.5 nm, and the thickness of the inner cover was 5 nm.

The analysis of infection by metozoic parasites of the Siberian sterlet Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii of the Lower Irtysh depending on gender and age was carried out. Invasion by 9 species of parasitic organisms of 7 systematic groups was established (Cestoda - 1, Trematoda - 2, Nematoda - 2, Palaeacanthocephala - 1, Hirudinea - 1, Copepoda - 1, Bivalvia - 1). Of these, 3 species are specific parasites for sturgeons: Crepidostomum auriculatum (Wedl, 1858), Capillospirura ovotrichuria (Skrjabin, 1924) and Truttaedacnitis clitellarius (Ward & Magath, 1917). Widespread parasites of fish of the cestode Proteocephalus sp., comb Echinorhynchus cinctulus (Porta, 1905), crustaceans Ergasilus sieboldi (Nordmann, 1832), glochidia Unionidae gen. sp are noted singly at sterlet in LOWER IRTISH. Background mass parasites of the Siberian sterlet are the trematode C. auriculatum and the nematode C. ovotrichuria, which are parasitic in the gastrointestinal tract. With an increase in sterlet age, an increase in the invasiveness and abundance index of C. auriculatum is observed. Significant differences in the level of C. auriculatum infection between groups 2+ - 3+ and 6+ - 7+ (Phi-square = 0.17507), group 4+ - 5+ and 6+ - 7+ (Phi-square = 0, 11163). Nematode C. ovotrichuria parasitized in all age groups except the 6+ - 7+ group. With increasing age, an increase in the intensity of invasion by this parasite is noted. The rare specific parasites of the sterlet in the Lower Irtysh include the nematode T. clitellarius. This species was found in the intestine in three female sterlet, one specimen in each in 2 younger age groups. Diplostomum chromatophorum (Brown, 1931) and Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus. 1761) were found in all age groups with low rates of invasion. The dominant parasite at the age of 0+ - 5+ is C. ovotrichura, while C. auriculatum dominates in the 6+ - 7+ group. In males and females, parasite species are equally represented by single individuals. So, in males Proteocephalus sp. and Ergasilus sieboldi, in females - Echinorhynchus cinctulus and Unionidae gen. sp. Significant differences in the level of infection of C. auriculatum between groups of males and females were revealed. Male sterlets are more infected with C. auriculatum than females. In total, 7 species of parasites were found in females, and 6 in males. C. ovotrichura is the dominant parasitic species in both males and females. Thus, as a result of the study, an increase in the intensity and intensity of invasion by the background metozoic parasites C. auriculatum and C. ovotrichura with the age of the sterlet, as well as differences in the invasion of C. auriculatum in males and females, was established. T. clitellarius is a rare parasite of the sterlet in the Lower Irtysh.