Vol 32, No 3 (2024)
Information Technology and Communications
Virtual simulators in the automated control system subsystem for training operators of metal-cutting machines
Abstract
The article describes the proposed method of automated construction of virtual simulators for the subsystem of personnel training of the automated control systems of production. Its distinctive feature is the work with the customer based on the provision of functional videos from production, as well as the formalization of the design and development process in the form of structures for the process of creating software and visual modules taking into account the specifics of the development of virtual reality simulators. An ontological model has been developed for the construction of virtual simulators for training machine tool operators in the automated control systems of production, which uses the identified basic concepts and relationships between them in the subject area of work of machine tool operators. Its implementation is based on the Protege software environment. The following diagrams are proposed: functional and contextual IDEF0 of the functioning of virtual simulators for training in working on universal metal-cutting machines: milling and turning. The architecture of a virtual simulator for use in the subsystem of training personnel of automated control systems of production, as well as a structural diagram of the formation of practice-oriented skills in working on metal-cutting machines using virtual simulators are described.
6-20
Spatial-situational approach to airport transport security management
Abstract
The trend in the development of systems for ensuring and managing aviation security of transport facilities in recent years has acquired the character of a transition from classical regulatory management schemes to automated control schemes using procedures based on the theory of optimal control. A number of factors can be identified that reduce the effectiveness of security management in the current system: problems related to time, post-factum processing of situational events, non-systemic collection and processing of information, the problem of hypothetical and potential security threats, the problem of security integrality and security systems integrality, the problem of indivisibility of security and the problem of vulnerability of transport infrastructure and, finally, the problems of forecasting the development of negative events. All this implies a transition to information security management, which is based on a spatial-situational approach. The paper substantiates the emergence of threat space, protection space and security space and shows the possibilities of using these spaces to solve the problems of formalization of security management procedures in the modeling process.
21-31
Analyzing resource saving and environmental safety in oil and gas waste processing system to provide sustainable development
Abstract
The problems of environmental safety and resource conservation in the processing of industrial waste at Russian oil and gas enterprises are becoming more and more significant, especially in the context of current trends focused on decarbonization and sustainable development. The growth of industrial waste is not compensated by the corresponding growth in the volume and quality of processing, since only 10% of oily waste is processed, and the rest is buried or incinerated, which has an additional harmful impact on the environment. The article proposes a new approach to multifactor analysis of resource conservation and environmental safety in the integrated processing of industrial waste from oil and gas enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals. The algorithm developed by the authors, the theoretical basis of which is the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), determines the sequence of solving interrelated problems of multifactor comparison of objects of the waste processing system by heterogeneous quality criteria: resource value, resource potential, resource saving and environmental safety. These problems are formulated on the basis of the super-efficiency model of the DEA method as a mathematical programming problem. The presented and tested approach to multifactor analysis of resource conservation and environmental safety of the waste treatment system allows: (1) to obtain and analyze relative comparative assessments of waste storage facilities and technologies regarding heterogeneous quality criteria, and (2) forming local and general decision-making strategies that provide sustainable development goals. The proposed approach appears promising for multiple prospective applications in the oil-bearing regions of the Russian Federation, where the growth in the formation of industrial waste has severe and irreversible environmental consequences.
32-45
Comparative analysis of the efficiency of catalytic methane pyrolysis technology for hydrogen production based on DEA method
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of methane pyrolysis technologies and various catalysts using the DEA method. The study is based on an extensive set of experimental data obtained under laboratory conditions. Application of DEA method allowed to identify key factors affecting the pyrolysis process performance, including costs, process parameters and catalyst properties. Particular attention is paid to the role of catalysts in the methane pyrolysis process. Highly efficient catalysts show significant increases in reaction rate and decreases in energy costs.
The DEA method allowed the identification of key factors affecting process efficiency, including the choice of catalyst carrier, temperature conditions and composition of active components. The analysis revealed that catalyst stability and its ability to maintain high activity over the reaction time were particularly important for industrial applications.
The results of the analysis allowed us to evaluate the relative efficiency of each catalyst and identify the most optimal combinations of reaction conditions. It was found that catalysts with high nickel content (more than 80%) on Al₂O₃ carrier show the highest efficiency at about 750 ℃, achieving high values of methane conversion and hydrogen yield. SiO₂ based catalysts show high initial activity, but tend to deactivate or carbonize with time, which in turn markedly reduces their efficiency in long-term processes.
The results highlight the importance of optimal catalyst composition and reaction conditions to improve the efficiency and economic viability of the methane pyrolysis process. The study demonstrates the potential of DEA method as a tool for comprehensive assessment and optimization of technological processes of hydrogen production and emphasizes the prospects for further development and implementation of methane pyrolysis technology in industrial hydrogen production as a component of the transition to low-carbon energy production.
46-62
Development of the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of tailored induction heating of a steel billet
Abstract
The article is devoted to the development of the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of zone induction heating, widely used in modern industrial production during the heat treatment of metal products for various purposes. An analysis of the range of products manufactured using induction heat treatment and the advantages of using induction heating systems has shown a wide range of applications of this method of heat treatment in modern production and great opportunities for automation and optimization of processes associated with induction heating of products. This fact indicates the relevance of the development of various kinds of intelligent control systems in relation to the processes of industrial induction heating of metal blanks and semi-finished products. The article describes the induction method of zone heat treatment of metals, its advantages over flame heat treatment methods and the range of products manufactured using it. A description of the billet-inductor system is presented, for which the structure of a cyberphysical control system for the process of zone induction heating has been developed. The technological requirement for the final temperature distribution on the surface of the workpiece and the factors influencing the deviation of the temperature distribution from that required in the process of zone induction heating are considered. A list of possible disturbing influences is given, requirements for the technological process are formulated, control principles are described and, based on this, the structure of the zone induction heating process control system, which belongs to the class of cyberphysical process control systems, is developed.
63-80
Energy and Electrical Engineering
Study of thermohydrodynamic processes in the air environment in the system of melting ice on the wires of the power transmission line
Abstract
The paper considers issues related to modeling thermal and hydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system that occur during melting of ice on wires. The problem of ice shell growth on the surface of power transmission line wires has been known for a long time, and many works in the field of ice growth control and technical means of combating this phenomenon are devoted to its solution. Recently, works have appeared on melting systems that operate without disconnecting lines from consumers, which increases the reliability and uninterruptible power supply, reduces economic losses from undersupply of products during power supply interruptions. The process of ice melting can occur under conditions of heating the conductors with a high current to a steady positive temperature until the ice shell is destroyed. In this case, switching to the melting mode is carried out for a short period of time. An alternative to this method is to combine power supply to consumers and ice melting. In this case, the heat generation capacity in the wires is less, the melting time is increased, but there is no need to disconnect consumers. The problem of maintaining the line in the operating mode of transmitting electric energy to consumers is solved by additionally loading the line with reactive currents by connecting a certain inductive load. The increase in currents and power coming from the supply transformer to the line must be technically feasible so as not to overload the source and not cause its shutdown. Due to power limitations, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations of thermal processes to determine acceptable modes of melting the ice layer. Complex modeling of thermohydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system is considered. Several methods for determining the coefficients of convective heat exchange at the boundaries of the conductor at different wind speeds are considered.
81-99
Forecast modeling of the dynamics of main resources and construction of a simulation system for managing the activities of the regional energy system of the Samara region
Abstract
Regional energy systems are complex dynamic systems that operate in conditions of constant changes in the external environment. In this regard, the task of developing complex management decisions and conducting a systemic analysis of the efficiency of its activities arises. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the mathematical models of the dynamics of capital, labor and fuel resources, since they have the greatest impact on the energy output of the energy system.
The paper analyzes existing methods of mathematical description of the dynamics of basic resources and their shortcomings. The paper considers covariance-stationary models of time series in the form of difference equations with a deterministic polynomial trend. The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of capital, labor and fuel resources based on statistical data on the activities of the energy system of the Samara Region, published in the annual reports of regional ministries and energy companies, and conducts a statistical analysis of them.
Based on a comparative analysis of mathematical models, the most effective models of the dynamics of capital, labor and fuel resources with the best predictive qualities were selected.
Also, in the work, a single-loop simulation model of the energy system management system was constructed by forming investments for the renewal of capital resources and the structure of the decision support system (DSS) was developed, allowing the formation of mathematically sound management decisions.
100-116
Improving the energy efficiency of a galvanic area with a small-scale nature of production
Abstract
The article considers the problems of energy efficiency of the galvanic section of an industrial enterprise with a small-scale production nature. An analysis of the energy resources consumed by the galvanic section is carried out. The galvanic bath load factors are determined for the section as a whole and for each metal coating application operation separately. The reason for the low energy efficiency of the section's heat supply associated with the uneven equipment load is revealed, due to the impossibility of regulating the consumption of thermal energy with a centralized steam supply. An energy balance of heat supply for the technological process of galvanic application of metal coatings is compiled for two operating modes of the process equipment: bringing to the mode and maintaining the mode. The energy costs required for heating the galvanic baths to the nominal temperatures regulated by the technology of the metal coating application process and the energy costs required to stabilize the temperature mode of the electrolysis process are determined, taking into account the nomenclature of the processed parts, the duration of the working cycle, the required thickness and physical characteristics of the galvanic coating. The article considers options for decentralized heat supply of galvanic baths taking into account process temperatures, load factors and the sequence of metal coating application operations. It defines a rational method for organizing uneven loading of galvanic baths and process energy consumption during decentralized heat supply of the production area. It establishes an acceptable level of efficiency reduction of industrial serial heat sources with increased uneven loading of process equipment. It proposes a method for utilizing unclaimed process heat in the hot water supply system in order to stabilize the efficiency of heat supply sources at a level close to the nominal one. It defines the economic effect of utilizing unclaimed process heat for the needs of hot water supply and heating of the galvanic area.
117-132