Comparison of domestic single photon detectors by QRate with the analogues by ID Quantique

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Abstract

The article is devoted to the comparison of specifications of the single photon detectors manufactured by QRate (Russia) and ID Quantique (Switzerland). Their quantum efficiencies, dark count rates, and afterpulse probabilities have been examined in this work. The test results have showed the interchangeability of detectors and non-compliance of foreign detectors with the declared specifications and demonstrated the potential capacities of domestic development.

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About the authors

S. N. Mosentsov

LLS SC

Author for correspondence.
Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2678-9663

quantum communications engineer, 

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

A. V. Losev

QRate LLC

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6030-2532

head of development department

Russian Federation, Moscow

I. D. Pavlov

QRate LLC

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8865-556X

technical director

Russian Federation, Moscow

V. V. Zavodilenko

QRate LLC

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3252-2984

leading engineer

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Filyaev

QRate LLC

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7319-8001

scientific project engineer

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. V. Burov

LLS SC

Email: journal@electronics.ru

director general

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

References

  1. Losev V. et al. Dead Time Duration and Active Reset Influence on the Afterpulse Probability of InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. June 2022;58(3): 1–11. Art no. 4500111. doi: 10.1109/JQE.2022.3171671.
  2. Losev V., Zavodilenko V., Koziy A., Kurochkin Y., Gorbatsevich A. Dependence of Functional Parameters of Sine-Gated InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes on the Gating Parameters. IEEE Photonics Journal. April 2022; 14(2): 1–9. Art no. 6817109. doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3148204.

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Functional circuit diagram of the automated measuring set-up for SPD parameters

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3. Fig. 2. Separate components of the automated measuring set-up for the SPD operational parameters: a) a unit with attenuators; b) frequency counter (Keysight 53230A); c) laser pulse source; d) optical beam splitter system; e) oscilloscope (Lecroy WaveMaster 830Zi-B-R); f) power supply; g) clock board; h) SPD under study; i) computer with the software

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4. Fig. 3. Appearance of the laser source (diode + driver)

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5. Fig. 4. Multiphoton detector connected to the oscilloscope

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6. Fig. 5. Oscillogram of a single optical pulse of a laser source

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7. Fig. 6. Oscillogram of the optical pulse sequence of a laser source

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the average optical power on the repetition rate of optical pulses for the coherent state generation with the statistics of 0.1 photon/pulse

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9. Fig. 8. Diagram of the accumulation of photon counts during testing of the QRATE-SPD-GEN1-FR DOP on a segment of 100 μs

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10. Fig. 9. Photon count stacking diagram of detector QRATE-SPD-GEN1-FR. The zero peak is reduced by 100 times for visualization convenience. The detector dead time is set to 40 µs

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11. Fig.10. Photon count stacking diagram of detector QRATE-SPD-GEN2-FR. The zero peak is reduced by 100 times for visualization convenience. The detector dead time is set to 35 µs

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12. Fig.11. Photon count stacking diagram of detector IDQube-NIR-FR-MMF-LN. The zero peak is reduced by 100 times for visualization convenience. The detector dead time is set to 50 µs

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13. Fig. 12. Dependence of the dark count rate (DCR) and the number of signal counts on the quantum efficiency value of detector IDQube-NIR-FR-MMF-LN

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14. Fig. 13. Dependence of the established and calculated quantum efficiency on the IDQube-NIR-FR-MMF-LN detector on the bias voltage of the built-in avalanche photodiode

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15. Fig. 14. Dependence of the probability of occurrence of post-pulses on the established quantum efficiency on the IDQube-NIR-FR-MMF-LN detector.

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16. Fig. 15. Dependence of the dark count rate (DCR) and the number of signal counts on the quantum efficiency of detector ID230

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17. Fig. 16. Discrepancy between the determined and calculated quantum efficiency for detector ID230

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Copyright (c) 2023 Mosentsov S.N., Losev A.V., Pavlov I.D., Zavodilenko V.V., Filyaev A.A., Burov N.V.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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