Axially Symmetric Hermite-Gaussian Beams and the BB84 Protocol for the Space-Earth Quantum Cryptography Channel

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Abstract

The paper provides a description of Hermite-Gaussian beams with an axially symmetric polarization structure generated by a vector superposition of Hermite-Gaussian modes with the indices 10 and 01. It is shown that the axial polarization symmetry makes such beams insensitive to the rotations relative to the optical axis that makes such a modification of the well-known BB84 protocol preferred for the quantum space cryptography systems. The possible creation and detection of such beams within the framework of a polarization protocol transmission using the devices with a radial polarizer is discussed.

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About the authors

A. L. Sokolov

JSC “Research-and-production corporation “Precision system and Instruments” (RPC PSI)

Author for correspondence.
Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6164-7615

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof., Head of Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

V. M. Petrov

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8523-0336

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (radiophysics), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (optics), professor, Department of General Physics No. 1

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

V. Yu. Venediktov

Measurement and Navigation Systems, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”

Email: journal@electronics.ru

Dr. of Sciences (Phys.&Math.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

D. D. Reshetnikov

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: journal@electronics.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5587-3306

Ph. D. Student, Department of General Physics No.1

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Propagation geometry of the beams with axial symmetry: 1 – transmitter (located on the ground), 2 – receiver (located on the satellite); ϕ – rotation angle of the radius vector r, z – direction of propagation

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3. Fig. 2. An experiment – Left: passage of an axially polarized beam representing a superposition of Hermite-Gauss modes through a turbulent medium; On the right: the presence of a “fork” in the interference pattern (the images were obtained in an interferometer using the retroreflectors as the mirrors [20])

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4. Tab. 1

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Copyright (c) 2023 Sokolov A.L., Petrov V.M., Venediktov V.Y., Reshetnikov D.D.

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