Influence of quantum state fidelity of a single photon source on the bit error rate in quantum key distribution

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Abstract

The paper analyzes the efficiency of a quantum state fidelity to assess the raw bit error value introduced by the polarization state of a single photon source. The analysis was performed for the quantum key distribution schemes BB84 and BBM92. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that when the fidelity is decreased from 1 to 0 in the BB84 scheme, the raw bit error value linearly increases from 0 to 1, and in the BBM92 scheme – from 0 to 1/2. The experimental setups for determine the influence of fidelity on the bit error value are described in detail.

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About the authors

D. N. Frolovtsev

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: photonics@technosphera.ru

Researcher, Faculty of Physics

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Demin

All-Russian Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI)

Email: photonics@technosphera.ru

Cand. of Technical Sciences, Researcher

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The experimental setup layout to determine the fidelity influence on the raw bit error value: IF405 – interference filter, ppKTP – nonlinear crystal of potassium triphosphate with a regular domain structure, RG715 – color glass filter, PBS – polarization beam splitter, IF810 – bandpass interference filter, C – fiber optic collimator, SPAD – single photon detector, λ / 2 – half-wave plate

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of the bit error rate (BER) on fidelity F (green curve – theoretical dependence, red dots – experimentally measured data)

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4. Fig. 3. The experimental setup layout to study the bit error value dependence on fidelity when using the BBM92 scheme: Laser – a laser emitting at a wavelength of 405 nm; E – prism pump beam shape compensator; λ / 2, λ / 2 – half- and quarter-wave plates; P – quartz plate that regulates the pump polarization ellipticity; IF405 and IF810 – interference bandpass filters for the wavelengths of 405 nm and 810 nm, respectively; 2×BBO – double BBO crystal, PBS – polarization beam splitter; C – fiber optic collimator; SPAD – single photon detector

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the bit error value on fidelity when using the BBM92 scheme (shaded area is the set of permissible values of the bit error value according to the expression (6); red dots are the experimental data obtained using a double-crystal circuit)

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Copyright (c) 2024 Frolovtsev D.N., Demin A.V.