Vol 5, No 4 (2008)

The article surveys preventive maintenance and treatment of some stress-induced diseases in out-patient-polyclinic practice. The special attention is given to pharmacotherapy by day tranquilizers, modern antidepressants and drugs containing some mediator (neuroactive) amino acids.

Bation (antibodies to the C-final fragment of в-subunit insulin receptor in extremely low doses, a mixture of homoeopathic dilutions of С12-С30-С200, «Scientific and Industrial Manufacturer «Materia Medica Holding», Ltd, Russia), is a novel drug developed to treat type II diabetes. A conducted clinical trial showed that the drug was effective and safe when used in patients with type II diabetes of moderate severity. Taking into account the effectiveness and safety of this drug, Bation can be recommended as a prescription medication for patients with moderate forms of type II diabetes when disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism is moderately manifested.

An investigation of the effect of the inulin-containing medication (Astrolin) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in complex therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 was conducted. When added to the basic therapy of diabetes type 2 it contributed to decrease of glucose blood level by 15 %, glycosylated haemoglobin by 10 %, total cholesterol by 13 %, beta-lipoproteids by 12 % and triglycerides by 22 %. A good tolerance of the medication was demonstrated in the study. Astrolin is recommended in the complex therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

A modified gel «Polykatan» under study was applied in association with the conventional therapeutic pattern in patients with chronic exudative gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity. The medicinal form of gel provides long-term persistence in the oral cavity compared to an aqueous solution. Long-term persistence of «Polykatan» in the mouth enhances its effects and produces a marked anti-inflammatory and regenerative action.

Technological schemes of efficient drug forms on the basis of biologically active substances from apple waste are proposed.

Acute cholecystitis develops in 1-3 % of patients with symptomatic gall stones. Patients with suspected acute cholecystitis should be referred to the hospital and, if the diagnosis is confirmed, early surgery is indicated. Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is made on the basis of symptoms and signs of inflammation in patients and is supported by results of ultrasound scanning. In 73 % of cases, emergency surgery is needed to treat gangrenous cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis performed 24-48 hourss after the acute episode will enable the inflammatory process to resolve before the procedure. Open mini-cholecystectomy may be performed more than 48 hours after the acute episode. Early surgery for acute cholecystitis has lower conversion rate than delayed surgery.

The influence of recurring respiratory diseases on the level of lipids and protein fraction of peripheral blood of 50 children (4-7 years) attending pre-school establishments was studied. It was found out that in blood of the frequently morbid children б2 globulin and г globulin were increased, and the ratio of albumin/globulin was decreased, which can be the result of chronic inflammation without clinical manifestations or the slower restoration of biochemical indices after respiratory infections. The article informs that the level of cholesterol, especially of low density lipoprotein was increased which can be associated with increased risk of heart diseases development.

The abnormality of the vascular wall's tone in great and peripheral vessels can be discovered in young patients with arterial hypertension. At the initial stage of the disease the elasticity of the vessels is decreased in patients of the young age. Excessive variability of blood pressure (BP) worsens the vascular wall elasticity in young patients with arterial hypertension.

Microstructural changes in the thyroid gland of the experimental animals at different stages of the early postnatal ontogenesis under normal conditions and in chronic stress were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and image analysis.

Presence of diffuse lymphocytic-macrophage inflammatory infiltration of myocardial stroma in combination with pronounced fibrosis, low value of trophic index (< 0,015) as well as high values of pericapillar diffusion zone (>1000 mcm) and Kernogan index (>1,6) of the left ventricle myocardium are the morphological predictors of postoperative heart remodeling.

From the point of view of clinico-economic analysis during in-patient treatment of non-hospital pneumonia for patients without risk factors therapy with aminopenicillin is more appropriate, but for patients with risk factors the following scheme of antibiotic therapy has advantages: beta lactam [cefotaximi/ceftriaxone] in combination with macrolide (azithromycin). Offered therapy gives statistically lower percent of unfavourable course of pneumonias and decreases expenditures for treatment.

Correlation and regression analysis reveals the most important and independent factors determing occurence and outcome of the urinary bladder cancer. These factors may be used for the mathematical models of the risk assessment and prognosis of the urinary bladder cancer. Sofware for the estimation of life prognosis and risk assessment in patients with urinary bladder cancer was developed. Application of this software program enables to develop measures for the primary and tertiary cancer prophylactics.

Changes of autonomous reactivity and autonomous maintenance in children with irritative bowel syndrome are dscribed in the paper. The aim of the study was to find out the role of autonomous nervous system in pathogenesis of the irritative bowel disease.

Antigenic complexes of B.pseudomallei and B.mallei containing carbohydrates were isolated and characterized. They are included in the surface structures of outer membrane of these microbial agents. Immunogenicity of several antigens was studied. When administered to white rats the antigenic fractions of B.pseudomallei and of B.mallei protected 83-66 % of animals from the infection by B.pseudomallei virulent strain. These fractions together with antigens Ag 2, Ag 3, Ag 6, Ag 8 and Ag d of B.pseudomallei and major antigens of B.pseudomallei acapsular variants are considered as potential subunits for the creation of chemical vaccine as well as a tool for immunodiagnostics of melioidosis and glanders.

Capacity of hepatic enzyme systems, such as isoenzymes of the cytochrome P-450, known as the CYPs is considered to be the main limitation factor for the pharmacokinetics of drugs, their drug-drug interactions and development of adverse drug reactions. The CYP 3A4 isoenzyme is involved in metabolism of about 50 % of drugs clinically used in treatment of patients with type II diabetes. TES-therapy is proved to boost the CYP 3A4 isoensyme activity in patients with type II diabetes. This will enable to influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, prevent and treat undesirable drug reactions.