Journal of Volgograd State Medical University

A promising area of modern dentistry is the so-called minimally invasive dentistry (minimal intervention dentistry – MID). The main principle of which is the use of non-invasive or minimally invasive technologies. Currently, not only traditional medicinal treatment with antiseptic solutions is used to combat microorganisms, but also innovative technologies. According to most researchers, ozone therapy is a highly effective non – drug treatment method with bactericidal, antiviral, fungicidal, immunomodulatory, antihypoxic and detoxifying effects. It is used in the treatment of caries, in periodontics, endodontics, treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa (SOPR), maxillofacial surgery.

The article discusses the features of injection correction of the periorbital region and the complications that arise in this case. According to modern research and statistical data, there has recently been an increase in the use of injectable drugs for face correction. At the same time, an increase in the number of complications was noted. These include both mild complications in the form of bruises, surface deformities, infectious lesions, and complex ones, which include skin, vascular lesions, as well as damage to the visual organs. The latter are rare in practice, but they can lead to a complete loss of visual function. The aim of the study is a systematic review of the literature data on injection correction of the periorbital region, frequent complications and methods of their correction. The methods of scientific research are based on the analysis of literary information, the synthesis of opinions. The basis of the study is the processing of scientific and statistical information concerning the use of injection correction of the periorbital region. The result of the study is to conduct a literary review and collect reliable research data on the features of injectable correction of the periorbital region, complications arising after intervention, and the possibilities of their prevention and correction.

The article presents a review of the scientific literature devoted to the disclosure of a personal potential based on the development of emotional intelligence. The definition, structure and modern concept of this term are considered. It is shown that there are certain features of emotional intelligence characteristic of children and adolescents, for women during pregnancy, for representatives of various chronotypes and patients with mental status disorders. The article also summarizes the concept of professional emotional intelligence. The actual areas of practical use of the concept of emotional intelligence for personal growth and improving the effectiveness of professional activity are outlined.

An analysis of the effectiveness of using the method of sensorimotor control of breathing with biofeedback by chronic tracheostomy patients was carried out. The bioelectrical activity of the brain was studied using electroencephalography. A course of using sensorimotor breathing control procedures with biofeedback has a positive effect on the level of bioelectrical activity of the brain. Stable preservation of the effect of course use was shown 30 days after application of the method. This technique optimizes respiratory function by the breathing pattern in chronic tracheostomy patients, as allostatic load. The method of sensorimotor breathing control with biofeedback is recommended to be used as a «instrument» for managing the emotional and behavioral state of chronic tracheostomy patients.

Purpose: To assess the possible quantitative indicators of the loss of density of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in the macular area using digital technologies for processing the results of fundus autofluorescence (AF) in young subjects with high visual acuity and different types of clinical refraction. Material and methods: 104 healthy volunteers (208 eyes) aged 20 to 30 years, mean age (24,5 ± 0,4) y.o., 34 males and 70 females, were examined. All patients had high visual acuity (1.0 or higher) and no signs of macular pathology. Three observation groups were formed with distribution according to the types of clinical refraction: emmetropia, hyperopia and myopia. The latter group was further divided into three subgroups depending on their severity: mild, moderate and high. The division into AF-patterns was first carried out in the mode of visual assessment by the medical researcher in accordance with the classification of Bindewald A. et al. (2005), then using a program to search for the percentage of pathology area in the fundus AF photograph (Adamov A.A. et al., 2021).

Results: Automatic typing of AF-patterns using the proposed program showed no discrepancies with the division of patterns into groups, which was carried out in the “manual mode”. Quantitative assessment of the state of RPE density was carried out according to a criterion called «area of losses» and was calculated in %. With the «minimal changes» pattern, the greatest losses were observed in the groups of mild and moderate myopia, the values were comparable to each other: (11,3 ± 0,3) and (10,8 ± 1,1) %, respectively (p > 0,5). The most significant areas of losses were observed in low and moderate myopes in the «focal changes» group of (22,5 ± 4,1) and 29,8 %, respectively. The reticular pattern which was prevalent in all groups showed losses that ranged from (3,0 ± 0,1) % in hyperops to (12,7 ± 0,4) % in low-grade myops (p < 0,001).

Conclusion: AF-fundus digital image processing program is a standardized tool for detecting early and clinically insignificant changes in the condition of the central retina and can be used to accurately assess the dynamics of pathological process progressing.

A comparative analysis of corneal saturation with riboflavin solution during standard, modified and transepithelial techniques of corneal collagen crosslinking on 15 porcine cadaveric eyes using the histologic method of investigation was carried out. The results of the study confirmed the need for corneal de-epithelialization to ensure sufficient saturation of the cornea with riboflavin solution. Partial de-epithelization in the area of keratoconus is admissible at carrying out ultraviolet crosslinking of corneal collagen (UV-CXL), because, according to the results of the histological method of research, there is a spreading of riboflavin solution into the corneal stroma under the intact epithelium.

The growing demand for osteoplastic materials leads to the interest of researchers in the development and study of new products, one of the most popular among which are xenografts. Taking into account the disadvantages of known animal models for testing materials in vivo and the intention to investigate the properties of materials in terms of their further application in dental practice, the purpose of this study was to propose a new experimental animal model for studying the regenerative potential of modern osteoplastic materials in conditions close to the alveolar part of human jaws by developing surgical access to a previously unexplored area of the elbow the appendages of a sheep. In three mature sheep, four bone defects were created in the area of the ulnar processes of the ulna bones of the right and left forelimbs. The defects were filled with samples of xenogenic materials, one was left under a blood clot as a control. From above, the defects were covered with a collagen membrane fixed with titanium pins. The animals were removed from the experiment 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. To evaluate the results of the experiment, computer microtomography and histological methods were used. The proposed model satisfies the criterion of a bone defect of critical size by determining a defect of the smallest size that does not heal without treatment for a certain period. The experimental approach developed by us makes it possible to use a fairly simple surgical approach for implanting the material under study into a site with similar architectonics to the alveolar bone of the human jaw, while with low morbidity for the animal. Within the framework of the proposed model, the selected research methods provide an opportunity to assess the course of the regenerative process in a given localization at different stages.

Relevance: An increase in the incidence of women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency dictates the need to improve existing therapies taking into account developing changes, including in the microcirculatory bed of the cervix. In the form of a diverse number of predictor factors, the clinician is faced with the task of choosing and justifying an approach to prescribing drug therapy. One of the initial changes is a violation of the microcirculation system, the identification of which served as the purpose of this work.

Materials and methods: A survey of local blood flow in women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency was conducted, for a comparative analysis of the results obtained, the nature and type of microcirculation in healthy women of a similar age group were determined. Disorders in the microcirculatory bed were carried out in two stages – determination of the microcirculation parameter, the mean square deviation and the coefficient of variation. At the second stage, the contribution of active and passive oscillations to the overall modulation of blood flow was determined by the Wavelet transform method.

Results: The data obtained indicate the development of a mild degree of microcirculation insufficiency, an increase in the contribution of pulse and respiratory waves to the overall spectrum of modulations due to a decrease in endothelial flaxmotion.

Conclusion: A certain complex of microcirculatory disorders has been identified, associated with both structural changes in microvessels and rheological shifts and deterioration of barrier function.

The study of mucin in the mucosa in ulcerative colitis represents promising basic research that may help improve therapeutic outcomes. A comparative morphological study of the mucous membrane in chronic superficial colitis and ulcerative colitis was carried out in the work. It was noted that in ulcerative colitis there is a progressive atrophy of the columnar epithelium, crypts and goblet cells, a decrease in mucin secretion and a change in its characteristics with a predominance of alcian + mucopolysaccharides. It is possible that a violation of the secretion of mucus in the mucous membrane of the colon can lead to the development of dysregenerative and dysplastic processes, which requires further study.

Introduction: Taking into account the absence of dosed tension of the suture thread when fixing the IOL to the iris and the non-standardized stage of suture application, we have developed a universal method for suture fixation of the lens to the iris with the ability to control the tension of the thread when forming a loop.

Materials and methods: To implement the proposed method, two paracenteses are performed in the projection of the axis of the suture fixation of the lens, then two iris retractors are passed through the paracenteses and the IOL is sutured to the iris.

Results: In all of our patients operated by this method, the optimal centered position of the IOL was noted; the position of the axis of the lens cylinder corresponded to the calculated one.

Conclusions: The advantages of the method are the ability to control the tightening of the thread when forming a loop, strict positioning of the axis of suture fixation of TIOL, and minimizing the risk of complications.

Introduction: According to Russian statistics, 30 % of women of reproductive age have varying degrees of myopia. In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of cesarean sections; one of the indications for this option of delivery is pathology of the organ of vision, including retinoschisis and peripheral retinal degenerations.

Materials and methods: To analyze literature data to form an idea of the course of retinoschisis in pregnant women, as well as to describe current treatment methods and establish criteria for admitting women to natural childbirth.

Results: In case of flat peripheral retinoschisis, as a rule, laser coagulation of the retina (LCR) is not indicated, but in case of ruptures in retinoschisis, the presence of tractions, in order to allow natural delivery, LCR is mandatory for pregnant women. In a situation where there is less than 2 weeks between the LCR and the preliminary date of delivery, delivery by cesarean section may be recommended.

Conclusion: To date, treatment and monitoring tactics for retinoschisis are still being studied. In the absence of tears or traction components, retinoschisis is usually observed. Recent studies have shown no relationship between vaginal birth and retinal detachment.

In experiments on adult rats, females studied the effect of a new derivative of GABA – citrocard (citrate of 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid) on sexual behavior and fertility. Citrocard in doses of 50 mg/kg (experimentally proven therapeutic dose) and 700 mg/kg (dose exceeding the therapeutic 14 times) was administered intragastrically to female rats for 2 weeks. It was established that after the introduction of sexual behavior in rats of females receiving a citrocard at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the duration of sexual activity did not change relative to the control, but the ability to mate with males was clearly increased (“emotional” approaches and lordoses increased by 43,8 % (p < 0.01) and 30.4 % (p > 0.05)), respectively. In females treated with a citrocard at a dose of 700 mg/kg, the duration of sexual activity decreased slightly, but their receptive ability was higher than the control values (the number of lordoses indicating their readiness for mating increased by 17.4 % (p < 0,05). It was also revealed that when mating with intact males in rats of females previously treated with a citrocard 2-week course, fertility processes and fertility rates increased. Relative to control, in females of the experimental groups, the pregnancy index increased, by 4.8% (p > 0.05) and 33.3 % (p < 0.05), respectively, in doses and fertility, by 4.2% (p > 0 05) and 19.0% (p < 0.05), as well as their overall fetal death rates decreased, both preimplantation and postimplantation.

22 biotargets relevant to the anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds have been identified. Multiple docking of known anxiolytic substances in 22 valid 3D models of relevant biotargets has been performed. The energy spectra of multiple docking of these compounds have been calculated for the entire volume of relevant target proteins. Correlation convolution of the energy spectra of multitarget multiple docking in 22 convolution variables has been performed. The one-way ANOVA method has shown high statistical significance of using the obtained convolution variables to estimate the integral multitarget affinity of ligands to a set of relevant biotargets. Neural network models of the dependence of the anxiolytic activity level of chemical compounds on the specified convolution variables have been formed. Very high statistical significance of the constructed neural network models has been shown. As a result, a new artificial intelligence method was developed for in silico search for pharmacologically active substances based on a convolution correlation neural network and energy spectra of multitarget multiple docking.

Back pain is the fifth most common cause of hospitalization and the third most common reason for surgery. One of the technical improvements in herniated disc surgery is the tubular retractor system. Between 2019 and 2022 we operated on 112 patients with lumbar disc herniations using the tubular system. To analyze the results of treatment, the following parameters were studied: assessment of the functional state of the body; assessment of the severity of pain in the lumbar region and in the lower extremities; the duration of the operation and the features of the course of the postoperative period until discharge from the hospital.

To perform the review, a search of literature sources was analyzed in the PubMed abstract database using the keywords “cataract”, “lens subluxation”, “OVD” and data from Russian publications on the topic of the article for the period up to 2023 inclusive.

There were 2 patients under observation: a 67 year old patient with a diagnosis of OS: Complicated cataract, grade 2 lens subluxation. Primary open-angle glaucoma 2a, operated on. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Visual acuity on admission vis OS = 0.2. The second patient, 68 years old, diagnosed with OS: Complicated cataract, grade 2 lens subluxation. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Visual acuity on admission OS = 0.1 n/k. Both patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation using dispersive viscoelastic as an additional support. Results: On the first day after surgery, the first patient’s uncorrected visual acuity was Vis OS = 0.8. In the second patient, on the first day after surgery, visual acuity was Vis OS = 0.8. Both patients were subjectively satisfied with the visual functions obtained. Conclusion: Thus, this clinical case demonstrates a very successful implementation of cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in patients with lens ligament failure.

Тhis article is devoted to the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, description of the clinical picture, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of such a clinical and laboratory syndrome as rhabdomyolysis. For a detailed acquaintance with this nosology, we provide an analysis of a clinical case, where we tried to set out in detail the main aspects and key points of a timely and correct diagnosis, as well as possible examples of diagnostic treatment. The given clinical example allows us to trace the development of the disease in a particular case, the possibilities of modern research methods in the diagnosis of this pathology, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.

Goal: To consider the use of medical products with artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter referred to as AI) in healthcare and to identify trends in the perception and acceptance of the new technologies under consideration. The authors note that the use of AI, according to medical personnel, can improve the efficiency of medical care. Federal projects are being implemented in the regions of Russia, including the introduction of AI in various areas of activity.

Methods: A survey of medical workers in the Sverdlovsk region.

As a result, the authors emphasize that the further development and implementation of medical products with artificial intelligence can help improve the efficiency of diagnosis, treatment of diseases and improve the accessibility of medical care, with which more than 70 % of respondents agreed.

Conclusions: For the successful implementation of such products, it is necessary to harmonize standards and regulations, train medical workers and provide technical support for relevant information systems.