Journal of Volgograd State Medical University
Peer-review scientific and practical medical journal
Editor-in-chief
- Vladimir I. Petrov, MD, Professor
Publisher
-
Volgograd State Medical University
Founder
- Volgograd State Medical University
About
Quarterly scientific journal "Journal of Volgograd State Medical University" ("Journal of VolgSMU") is included in the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications, which should be published by a major scientific results thesis for the degree of doctor of medical and biological sciences.
As part of the Editorial Board: 4 academicians of RAS, 2 corresponding members of RAS, representatives of scientific and medical community in Moscow, the Volga regions and South of Russia.
Index in Russia's national catalog "Rospechat" – 20158.
Mailing list of the journal, in addition to mandatory organizations, includes more than 50 universities and research institutes in Russia, as well as a number of leading clinical institutions in the region.
Current Issue
Vol 21, No 4 (2024)
Lecture
The use of ozone in therapeutic dentistry
Abstract
A promising area of modern dentistry is the so-called minimally invasive dentistry (minimal intervention dentistry – MID). The main principle of which is the use of non-invasive or minimally invasive technologies. Currently, not only traditional medicinal treatment with antiseptic solutions is used to combat microorganisms, but also innovative technologies. According to most researchers, ozone therapy is a highly effective non – drug treatment method with bactericidal, antiviral, fungicidal, immunomodulatory, antihypoxic and detoxifying effects. It is used in the treatment of caries, in periodontics, endodontics, treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa (SOPR), maxillofacial surgery.



Review Articles
Injection correction of the periorbital region, types, complications (literature review)
Abstract
The article discusses the features of injection correction of the periorbital region and the complications that arise in this case. According to modern research and statistical data, there has recently been an increase in the use of injectable drugs for face correction. At the same time, an increase in the number of complications was noted. These include both mild complications in the form of bruises, surface deformities, infectious lesions, and complex ones, which include skin, vascular lesions, as well as damage to the visual organs. The latter are rare in practice, but they can lead to a complete loss of visual function. The aim of the study is a systematic review of the literature data on injection correction of the periorbital region, frequent complications and methods of their correction. The methods of scientific research are based on the analysis of literary information, the synthesis of opinions. The basis of the study is the processing of scientific and statistical information concerning the use of injection correction of the periorbital region. The result of the study is to conduct a literary review and collect reliable research data on the features of injectable correction of the periorbital region, complications arising after intervention, and the possibilities of their prevention and correction.



Allostasis: genesis and allostatic load
Abstract
A search for information in open sources of scientific literature was carried out to understand the phenomenon of allostasis and study the influence of allostatic load on the human body. Allostasis is considered in comparison with general adaptation syndrome and chronic stress. The article discusses the possibility of differentiating the allostatic state depending on its genesis: physiologically determined allostasis and clinically determined allostasis. The boundary between physiologically and clinically determined allostasis is determined by the allostatic load. The search for informative biomarkers of the allostatic state and the calculation of the allostatic load index open up promising opportunities for managing the adaptation process and developing preventive measures to optimize the functional state of the body and improve human performance.



Psychophysiological foundations of personal potential disclosure based on the concept of emotional intelligence
Abstract
The article presents a review of the scientific literature devoted to the disclosure of a personal potential based on the development of emotional intelligence. The definition, structure and modern concept of this term are considered. It is shown that there are certain features of emotional intelligence characteristic of children and adolescents, for women during pregnancy, for representatives of various chronotypes and patients with mental status disorders. The article also summarizes the concept of professional emotional intelligence. The actual areas of practical use of the concept of emotional intelligence for personal growth and improving the effectiveness of professional activity are outlined.



Polymorphism of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione-S-transferase genes as a predictor of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is one of the dynamic and rapidly developing areas contributing to the development of personalized medicine. It is based on the determination of polymorphic variants of genes and drug tolerance, the development of side effects, as well as the clinical response to treatment. The study of polymorphisms of genes in the xenobiotic biotransformation system is one of the promising areas in the development of personalized medicine of multifactorial diseases. In this article, we presented literature data on the influence of polymorphisms in genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.



Optimization of respiratory and emotional-behavioral patterns in chronic tracheostomy patients using sensormotor control of breathing with biofeedback
Abstract
An analysis of the effectiveness of using the method of sensorimotor control of breathing with biofeedback by chronic tracheostomy patients was carried out. The bioelectrical activity of the brain was studied using electroencephalography. A course of using sensorimotor breathing control procedures with biofeedback has a positive effect on the level of bioelectrical activity of the brain. Stable preservation of the effect of course use was shown 30 days after application of the method. This technique optimizes respiratory function by the breathing pattern in chronic tracheostomy patients, as allostatic load. The method of sensorimotor breathing control with biofeedback is recommended to be used as a «instrument» for managing the emotional and behavioral state of chronic tracheostomy patients.



Original Researches
Changes in fundus autofluorescence in young subjects with different types of refraction. Report 2
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the possible quantitative indicators of the loss of density of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in the macular area using digital technologies for processing the results of fundus autofluorescence (AF) in young subjects with high visual acuity and different types of clinical refraction. Material and methods: 104 healthy volunteers (208 eyes) aged 20 to 30 years, mean age (24,5 ± 0,4) y.o., 34 males and 70 females, were examined. All patients had high visual acuity (1.0 or higher) and no signs of macular pathology. Three observation groups were formed with distribution according to the types of clinical refraction: emmetropia, hyperopia and myopia. The latter group was further divided into three subgroups depending on their severity: mild, moderate and high. The division into AF-patterns was first carried out in the mode of visual assessment by the medical researcher in accordance with the classification of Bindewald A. et al. (2005), then using a program to search for the percentage of pathology area in the fundus AF photograph (Adamov A.A. et al., 2021).
Results: Automatic typing of AF-patterns using the proposed program showed no discrepancies with the division of patterns into groups, which was carried out in the “manual mode”. Quantitative assessment of the state of RPE density was carried out according to a criterion called «area of losses» and was calculated in %. With the «minimal changes» pattern, the greatest losses were observed in the groups of mild and moderate myopia, the values were comparable to each other: (11,3 ± 0,3) and (10,8 ± 1,1) %, respectively (p > 0,5). The most significant areas of losses were observed in low and moderate myopes in the «focal changes» group of (22,5 ± 4,1) and 29,8 %, respectively. The reticular pattern which was prevalent in all groups showed losses that ranged from (3,0 ± 0,1) % in hyperops to (12,7 ± 0,4) % in low-grade myops (p < 0,001).
Conclusion: AF-fundus digital image processing program is a standardized tool for detecting early and clinically insignificant changes in the condition of the central retina and can be used to accurately assess the dynamics of pathological process progressing.



Development and validation of a method for screening NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors on primary macrophages from C57bl/6j mice
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight protein complexes that are activated by various cellular patterns and play a key role in the signalling pathways of the innate immune response. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most studied due to its ability to recognise a wide range of endogenous and exogenous activators, which explains its involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative pathologies. Inhibition of NLRP3 activation is a promising avenue for finding novel therapies for inflammation-associated diseases. Peritoneal murine macrophages were isolated and NLRP3 inflammasome activity was investigated. Optimal experimental conditions were determined and the quality of the technique was assessed using the Z-factor.



Possibilities of histological examination in studying the adequacy of corneal saturation with riboflavin solution during partial deepithelization
Abstract
A comparative analysis of corneal saturation with riboflavin solution during standard, modified and transepithelial techniques of corneal collagen crosslinking on 15 porcine cadaveric eyes using the histologic method of investigation was carried out. The results of the study confirmed the need for corneal de-epithelialization to ensure sufficient saturation of the cornea with riboflavin solution. Partial de-epithelization in the area of keratoconus is admissible at carrying out ultraviolet crosslinking of corneal collagen (UV-CXL), because, according to the results of the histological method of research, there is a spreading of riboflavin solution into the corneal stroma under the intact epithelium.



Method for determining atrophy of alveolar arches and the frequency of occurrence of their main variants in the complete absence of teeth
Abstract
Methods of prosthetic treatment in the complete absence of teeth are determined by the severity of atrophy of the alveolar arches, which differ in a variety of forms. Purpose. To develop a method for determining the degree of alveolar arch atrophy and to determine the frequency of occurrence of various variants in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry. Material and methods. A two-stage cahort study included the analysis of the transversal dimensions of the dentofacial arches at the level of the second molars, which made it possible to measure tomograms in different parts of the apical basis (cervical, root, apical). The second stage of the study was carried out on models with complete edentulism. Outcomes. In the upper jaw, the cervical transversal, compared to the root transversal, was larger by (3.01 ± 0.03) mm and (6.1 ± 0.07) mm larger than the apical transversal. In the lower jaw, the cervical transversal, in comparison with the root transversal, was (3.26 ± 0.05) mm smaller and (5.96 ± 1.07) mm smaller than the interapical transversal. Conclusion. A difference in the size of the posterior alveolar width of up to three millimeters is characteristic of first-degree atrophy. A difference in the size of the posterior alveolar width of four to eight millimeters is characteristic of second-degree atrophy, and a difference of more than nine millimeters is considered to be marked third-degree atrophy of the distal alveolar arches. These differences are applicable in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry when choosing methods for modeling artificial dental arches in full removable dentures, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.



Experimental modeling of a bone defect to study the regenerative potential of osteoplastic materials in conditions close to the alveolar bone of human jaws
Abstract
The growing demand for osteoplastic materials leads to the interest of researchers in the development and study of new products, one of the most popular among which are xenografts. Taking into account the disadvantages of known animal models for testing materials in vivo and the intention to investigate the properties of materials in terms of their further application in dental practice, the purpose of this study was to propose a new experimental animal model for studying the regenerative potential of modern osteoplastic materials in conditions close to the alveolar part of human jaws by developing surgical access to a previously unexplored area of the elbow the appendages of a sheep. In three mature sheep, four bone defects were created in the area of the ulnar processes of the ulna bones of the right and left forelimbs. The defects were filled with samples of xenogenic materials, one was left under a blood clot as a control. From above, the defects were covered with a collagen membrane fixed with titanium pins. The animals were removed from the experiment 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. To evaluate the results of the experiment, computer microtomography and histological methods were used. The proposed model satisfies the criterion of a bone defect of critical size by determining a defect of the smallest size that does not heal without treatment for a certain period. The experimental approach developed by us makes it possible to use a fairly simple surgical approach for implanting the material under study into a site with similar architectonics to the alveolar bone of the human jaw, while with low morbidity for the animal. Within the framework of the proposed model, the selected research methods provide an opportunity to assess the course of the regenerative process in a given localization at different stages.



Comparative characteristics of microbiota in puropental-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in children
Abstract
Purpose: Determination and comparison of the properties of the microbiota of purulent foci in inflammatory processes of the jaws, acute purulent lymphadenitis, adenophlegmons, boils of the maxillofacial area in children.
Materials and methods: A sample of 1176 medical records of inpatients was studied. Microbiological research methods were used, including: microscopic, cultural methods and determination of the sensitivity of the isolated pathogen.
Results: Streptococcus pyogenes was identified in inflammatory processes of the jaws in 65.6 %; for acute purulent lymphadenitis – in 14.3 %, for boils – in 9.04 %. Staphylococcus aureus was recorded with boils in 82.53 %, with acute purulent lymphadenitis in 38.1 %; with inflammatory processes of the jaws in 2.8 %. The greatest sensitivity of Streptococcus pyogenes in acute inflammatory processes of the jaws and boils was noted to vancomycin (99–100 %), fluoroquinolones (93.3–98 %), beta-lactams (86.6–91 %); for purulent lymphadenitis – to beta-lactams (100 %); the greatest sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus in acute inflammatory processes of the jaws was noted to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones (96 %), for boils – to aminoglycosides (96.2 %), beta-lactams (94. 3 %), linezolid (93.3 %); for lymphadenitis – to beta-lactams (83 %).
Conclusion: In purulent-inflammatory diseases of the jaws in childhood, the leading pathogen was Streptococcus pyogenes with a high level of sensitivity to vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams; for purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues – Staphylococcus aureus with a high level of sensitivity to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams.



Microcirculatory changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix in women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency
Abstract
Relevance: An increase in the incidence of women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency dictates the need to improve existing therapies taking into account developing changes, including in the microcirculatory bed of the cervix. In the form of a diverse number of predictor factors, the clinician is faced with the task of choosing and justifying an approach to prescribing drug therapy. One of the initial changes is a violation of the microcirculation system, the identification of which served as the purpose of this work.
Materials and methods: A survey of local blood flow in women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency was conducted, for a comparative analysis of the results obtained, the nature and type of microcirculation in healthy women of a similar age group were determined. Disorders in the microcirculatory bed were carried out in two stages – determination of the microcirculation parameter, the mean square deviation and the coefficient of variation. At the second stage, the contribution of active and passive oscillations to the overall modulation of blood flow was determined by the Wavelet transform method.
Results: The data obtained indicate the development of a mild degree of microcirculation insufficiency, an increase in the contribution of pulse and respiratory waves to the overall spectrum of modulations due to a decrease in endothelial flaxmotion.
Conclusion: A certain complex of microcirculatory disorders has been identified, associated with both structural changes in microvessels and rheological shifts and deterioration of barrier function.



Age evolution of kinematic parameters of body movement
Abstract
Purpose – evaluation of the age evolution of the kinematics of the pelvis, trunk and head.
Materials and methods. Research methodology – 3D-video analysis of gait, kinematics analysis in QTM and Visual3D programs with automated calculation of values. The examined groups were formed: I – 13 people aged 3–6 years (4.5 ± 0.83); II – 18 people 8–11 years old (9.9 ± 1.01); III – 15 people aged 12–16 (15.0 ± 0.86). The research results are presented in tables.
Conclusions. Normative values in three planes of the parameters of the kinematics of the pelvis, torso and head in the age aspect are proposed. The age evolution of the dynamic balance correction strategy is formed in the sagittal and horizontal planes mainly due to the kinematics of the pelvis, in the frontal plane – due to the kinematics of the body. Gender correction of the dynamic balance manifests itself in the frontal plane from 3-6 years old, the functional maturity of achieving a horizontal gaze is formed faster in girls than in boys.



The role of mucin in non-specific ulcerative colitis
Abstract
The study of mucin in the mucosa in ulcerative colitis represents promising basic research that may help improve therapeutic outcomes. A comparative morphological study of the mucous membrane in chronic superficial colitis and ulcerative colitis was carried out in the work. It was noted that in ulcerative colitis there is a progressive atrophy of the columnar epithelium, crypts and goblet cells, a decrease in mucin secretion and a change in its characteristics with a predominance of alcian + mucopolysaccharides. It is possible that a violation of the secretion of mucus in the mucous membrane of the colon can lead to the development of dysregenerative and dysplastic processes, which requires further study.



Histological and immunohistochemical changes in gonadotropic endocrinocytes of the pituitary gland of female rats exposed to dark deprivation
Abstract
The effect of prolonged light desynchronosis on the body requires further study to understand its effect on the reproductive system and to study the adaptation of the body against this background, after the abolition of dark deprivation. The aim is to identify histological and immunohistochemical changes in gonadotropic endocrinocytes of the adenohypophysis of female rats under the influence of dark deprivation. The study involved 18 sexually mature white female rats (control group, n = 6) was under artificial lighting 12/12 (light/dark) for 30 days, experimental groups 1 and 2 – under 24-hour artificial lighting 24/0 (light/dark), then the animals of group 2 were placed in 12/12 mode for 14 days. 30-day dark deprivation caused an increase in FSH levels, an increase in the area, volume and perimeter of gonadotropic endocrinocytes by 19.95 % (p < 0.001), 73.4 % (p < 0.001), 18.2 % (p < 0.001), respectively; an increase in the area, volume and perimeter of the core by 26.82 % (p < 0.05), 26.82 % (p < 0.001), 10.07 % (p < 0.05), respectively. Immunohistochemical examination showed an increase in the specific area of caspase-3 of immunoreactive gonadotropic endocrinocytes by 22.4 % (p < 0.05), a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein by 21.2 % (p < 0.05). 14 days after the cancellation of dark deprivation, the restoration of FSH levels and the size of gonadotropic endocrinocytes was revealed.



Fixation of a toric IOL to the iris in the absence of adequate capsular support
Abstract
Introduction: Taking into account the absence of dosed tension of the suture thread when fixing the IOL to the iris and the non-standardized stage of suture application, we have developed a universal method for suture fixation of the lens to the iris with the ability to control the tension of the thread when forming a loop.
Materials and methods: To implement the proposed method, two paracenteses are performed in the projection of the axis of the suture fixation of the lens, then two iris retractors are passed through the paracenteses and the IOL is sutured to the iris.
Results: In all of our patients operated by this method, the optimal centered position of the IOL was noted; the position of the axis of the lens cylinder corresponded to the calculated one.
Conclusions: The advantages of the method are the ability to control the tightening of the thread when forming a loop, strict positioning of the axis of suture fixation of TIOL, and minimizing the risk of complications.



Management tactics for patients with leukoceratosis of the oral mucosa
Abstract
Leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa. The prevalence of this disease has been steadily increasing in the last few years. In addition, it is recommended to distinguish between this condition and other possible lesions with a similar clinical picture. Such a rapid increase in morbidity is associated with bad habits that are gaining popularity. We conducted a screening examination of patients by autologous fluorescence examination of the oral mucosa. Based on the results of the examination, a treatment plan was drawn up for patients, taking into account the risks of malignant transformation. All patients were under dynamic supervision. Based on the results of the study, patients with a history of leukoceratosis should regularly visit a dentist.



Indications for natural delivery in pregnant women with retinoschisis and peripheral chorioretinal degeneration
Abstract
Introduction: According to Russian statistics, 30 % of women of reproductive age have varying degrees of myopia. In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of cesarean sections; one of the indications for this option of delivery is pathology of the organ of vision, including retinoschisis and peripheral retinal degenerations.
Materials and methods: To analyze literature data to form an idea of the course of retinoschisis in pregnant women, as well as to describe current treatment methods and establish criteria for admitting women to natural childbirth.
Results: In case of flat peripheral retinoschisis, as a rule, laser coagulation of the retina (LCR) is not indicated, but in case of ruptures in retinoschisis, the presence of tractions, in order to allow natural delivery, LCR is mandatory for pregnant women. In a situation where there is less than 2 weeks between the LCR and the preliminary date of delivery, delivery by cesarean section may be recommended.
Conclusion: To date, treatment and monitoring tactics for retinoschisis are still being studied. In the absence of tears or traction components, retinoschisis is usually observed. Recent studies have shown no relationship between vaginal birth and retinal detachment.



The principle of morpho-functional symmetry-asymmetry in the formation of contractile activity of the uterus during physiological and complicated pregnancy
Abstract
The functional pairing of the uterus determines the formation of localized and generalized forms of uterine activity, the study of which makes it possible to identify contractile predictors of preterm birth. Normally, uterine contractions first occur in the II–III trimesters of pregnancy and their aim is to ensure an optimal level of blood flow and transplacental exchange in the uteroplacental complex within the framework of the uteroplacental “pump”. It is of value importance to search those forms of uterine contractions that accompany preterm labor. Since uterine contractions are initiated predominantly in the subplacental area of the myometrium, the modulating role in this process belongs to the area where the placenta is located. Aim: The identification of the characteristics of contractions in the right and left parts of the uterus in physiological and complicated pregnancy, depending on the area of predominant location of the placenta. Materials and methods: 149 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and 126 with premature birth were examined. Features of contractile activity of the uterus were revealed using mechanohysterography for 40 minutes from symmetrical sections of the left and right sections of the anterior abdominal wall at the level of the umbilical ring. Results: It has been established that the physiological course of gestation is characterized by asymmetrical (right- and left-sided) forms of uterine contractions, regardless of the location of the placenta. The right parts of the uterus are normally more functionally active compared to the left. Conclusion: For uncomplicated pregnancy, unilateral contractions are most common, which help to maintain constant intra-amniotic pressure and preserve the lower uterine segment and cervix, because according to the physiological mechanism, they are isotonic. Women with preterm birth have symmetrical bilateral contractile uterine activity, which is isometric, leading to increased intra-amnial pressure, cervical shortening and ripening and preterm birth.



Effects of a new GABA derivative with anxiolytic and antidepressant actions on sexual behavior, fertility, and the development of products of conception
Abstract
In experiments on adult rats, females studied the effect of a new derivative of GABA – citrocard (citrate of 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid) on sexual behavior and fertility. Citrocard in doses of 50 mg/kg (experimentally proven therapeutic dose) and 700 mg/kg (dose exceeding the therapeutic 14 times) was administered intragastrically to female rats for 2 weeks. It was established that after the introduction of sexual behavior in rats of females receiving a citrocard at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the duration of sexual activity did not change relative to the control, but the ability to mate with males was clearly increased (“emotional” approaches and lordoses increased by 43,8 % (p < 0.01) and 30.4 % (p > 0.05)), respectively. In females treated with a citrocard at a dose of 700 mg/kg, the duration of sexual activity decreased slightly, but their receptive ability was higher than the control values (the number of lordoses indicating their readiness for mating increased by 17.4 % (p < 0,05). It was also revealed that when mating with intact males in rats of females previously treated with a citrocard 2-week course, fertility processes and fertility rates increased. Relative to control, in females of the experimental groups, the pregnancy index increased, by 4.8% (p > 0.05) and 33.3 % (p < 0.05), respectively, in doses and fertility, by 4.2% (p > 0 05) and 19.0% (p < 0.05), as well as their overall fetal death rates decreased, both preimplantation and postimplantation.



Features of Nf-kb expression in the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex of rats with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus
Abstract
The aim of our study is to characterize the peculiarities of Nf-kb expression in the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex of the brain in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1). The study was performed on 5 groups of animals, each group included 10 female rats at 12 months of age. Immunohistochemical study of the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex revealed the following differences between the intact and untreated type 1 DM groups: in the untreated type 1 DM group, Nf-kb IRM expression was observed predominantly in the nuclei of damaged neurons in the form of clumps, while in the intact group – in the cytoplasm of intact perikaryons. In the intact group, IRM expression was detected in vertically located axons of neurons, while in the untreated type 1 DM group, no Nf-kb expression was detected in vertical segments. Specific changes were also observed in the pharmacorrection group: the pattern of immunohistochemical characterization of the aminalone, succicardium group was more in line with that of the intacta group. In the group of pharmacorrection with mefargin the picture was similar to the picture of type 1 DM without treatment.



Neural network based on correlation convolution of multi-target energy spectra of multiple docking: a new method of artificial intelligence in the search for pharmacologically active substances
Abstract
22 biotargets relevant to the anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds have been identified. Multiple docking of known anxiolytic substances in 22 valid 3D models of relevant biotargets has been performed. The energy spectra of multiple docking of these compounds have been calculated for the entire volume of relevant target proteins. Correlation convolution of the energy spectra of multitarget multiple docking in 22 convolution variables has been performed. The one-way ANOVA method has shown high statistical significance of using the obtained convolution variables to estimate the integral multitarget affinity of ligands to a set of relevant biotargets. Neural network models of the dependence of the anxiolytic activity level of chemical compounds on the specified convolution variables have been formed. Very high statistical significance of the constructed neural network models has been shown. As a result, a new artificial intelligence method was developed for in silico search for pharmacologically active substances based on a convolution correlation neural network and energy spectra of multitarget multiple docking.



The phenomenon of metorhisis and embryonic organogenesis
Abstract
The article focuses on the importance of metorhisis as a mechanism of embryonic organogenesis, for which the dynamics of the morphometric dynamics of the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme of embryonic organs are traced.
Material and methods: Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, the mechanism and local transformation of the epithelial lining of the stomodeum, Rathke’s pouch (RP) and the pharyngeal gut of the human embryo [a total of 127 embryos at Carnegie stages 12–23 (SC)] were studied in women with their informed consent in health care facilities in Tyumen.
Results: In the head section of the human embryo, the initiation of methorosis is localized in the CR zone; parallel differentiation of the epithelial and mesenchymal components of living organs is observed – the stomodeum, CR, pharyngeal intestine, and pituitary gland.



The use of microsurgical intermuscular tubular approach for lumbar herniated disc surgery
Abstract
Back pain is the fifth most common cause of hospitalization and the third most common reason for surgery. One of the technical improvements in herniated disc surgery is the tubular retractor system. Between 2019 and 2022 we operated on 112 patients with lumbar disc herniations using the tubular system. To analyze the results of treatment, the following parameters were studied: assessment of the functional state of the body; assessment of the severity of pain in the lumbar region and in the lower extremities; the duration of the operation and the features of the course of the postoperative period until discharge from the hospital.



Prevalence of genital and extragenital pathology of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic as a factor affecting the reproductive potential of the younger generation
Abstract
Objective: To study the genital and extragenital morbidity of children and adolescents of a large industrial agglomeration of the Moscow region in dynamics over 3 years of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, negatively affecting their reproductive health.
Materials and methods: A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the frequency of general morbidity and pathology, directly or indirectly affecting the reproductive health of children of various age groups for 3 years of the pandemic (2019–2021). Relative and dynamic indicators reflecting the frequency and specific weight of individual nosological units in the overall morbidity were calculated.
Results: Against the background of a significant prevalence of respiratory diseases, is noted that there were no statistically significant differences in the frequency and nature of the overall morbidity of children in the population aspect during the pandemic. Dynamics of diseases that directly affect the reproductive health of children did not show significant differences. However, were revealed in the increase in the incidence of general morbidity in younger children, in adolescent girls compared with boys, a statistically significant prevalence of obesity, thyroid diseases in adolescent girls compared with boys and the nervous system in girls.
Conclusion: The obtained results allow to identify the most important areas necessary for carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures that contribute to increasing the level of reproductive health of the younger generation.



Dispersive viscoelastic as an additional support in cataract surgery with incompetent of zonula ciliaris
Abstract
To perform the review, a search of literature sources was analyzed in the PubMed abstract database using the keywords “cataract”, “lens subluxation”, “OVD” and data from Russian publications on the topic of the article for the period up to 2023 inclusive.
There were 2 patients under observation: a 67 year old patient with a diagnosis of OS: Complicated cataract, grade 2 lens subluxation. Primary open-angle glaucoma 2a, operated on. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Visual acuity on admission vis OS = 0.2. The second patient, 68 years old, diagnosed with OS: Complicated cataract, grade 2 lens subluxation. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Visual acuity on admission OS = 0.1 n/k. Both patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation using dispersive viscoelastic as an additional support. Results: On the first day after surgery, the first patient’s uncorrected visual acuity was Vis OS = 0.8. In the second patient, on the first day after surgery, visual acuity was Vis OS = 0.8. Both patients were subjectively satisfied with the visual functions obtained. Conclusion: Thus, this clinical case demonstrates a very successful implementation of cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in patients with lens ligament failure.



Guide for General Practitioners
Rhabdomyolysis clinical case, complicated by acute renal injury
Abstract
Тhis article is devoted to the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, description of the clinical picture, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of such a clinical and laboratory syndrome as rhabdomyolysis. For a detailed acquaintance with this nosology, we provide an analysis of a clinical case, where we tried to set out in detail the main aspects and key points of a timely and correct diagnosis, as well as possible examples of diagnostic treatment. The given clinical example allows us to trace the development of the disease in a particular case, the possibilities of modern research methods in the diagnosis of this pathology, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.



Systemic AL amyloidosis with primarily involvement of the heart and kidneys: clinical case
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases that have a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The frequency of amyloidosis in the population is about 1%; it is believed that up to 8 million people in the world have amyloidosis. The presented clinical case demonstrates the difficulty of timely intravital diagnosis of generalized amyloidosis due to the lack of a specific disease picture and characteristic laboratory changes. Timely diagnosis of amyloidosis and knowledge of its clinical features are necessary for the correct choice of management tactics for such patients, which will help reduce the incidence of deaths from amyloid.



Advantages of using medical products with artificial intelligence technology in providing medical care to the population
Abstract
Goal: To consider the use of medical products with artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter referred to as AI) in healthcare and to identify trends in the perception and acceptance of the new technologies under consideration. The authors note that the use of AI, according to medical personnel, can improve the efficiency of medical care. Federal projects are being implemented in the regions of Russia, including the introduction of AI in various areas of activity.
Methods: A survey of medical workers in the Sverdlovsk region.
As a result, the authors emphasize that the further development and implementation of medical products with artificial intelligence can help improve the efficiency of diagnosis, treatment of diseases and improve the accessibility of medical care, with which more than 70 % of respondents agreed.
Conclusions: For the successful implementation of such products, it is necessary to harmonize standards and regulations, train medical workers and provide technical support for relevant information systems.


