Abstract
The criminological grounds and background of the adoption of the Federal Law of July 10, 2023 No. 323-FZ, which introduced liability for illegal collection activities related to the return of overdue debts of individuals in violation of the established rules for repaying such debts (Article 1724 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), have been studied.
The signs of the composition of illegal collection activities related to the object, objective and subjective sides and the subject of the corresponding crimes have been studied.
The controversial issues of interpretation of these signs, due to the shortcomings of the legal technique of prohibiting illegal collection activities, are considered.
The author formulates specific rules for qualifying illegal collection activities and distinguishing them from related crimes, makes proposals aimed at ensuring uniformity of law enforcement practice in criminal cases of illegal collection activities, as well as improving the criminal law prohibition on such activities.