Legal foundations of digital sovereignty in the Russian Federation

The relevance of digital sovereignty is driven by challenges in the field of national information security, trends in global digital policy, and the growing competition among states in cyberspace. The aim of the study is to analyze and systematize the legal framework of digital sovereignty in the Russian Federation. The study analyzes key normative legal acts that form the basis of national digital sovereignty (including Federal Laws No. 242, No. 187, No. 90, etc.). Special attention is given to strategic documents, including the Information Security Doctrine and the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, which define state policy in this area. The study examines the practice of implementing these measures and identifies the main challenges, among which are increased Internet censorship, fragmentation of the Internet along national borders, and a persistent technological dependence on foreign technologies that hinders the achievement of digital independence. Additionally, the study evaluates the prospects for the development of legal regulation in light of the rapid development of new technologies (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G/6G networks), which bring new challenges and require updating legislation to ensure digital sovereignty. Overall, the need to achieve an optimal balance between strengthening national digital security and preserving freedom in the digital space is emphasized.