Criminological Aspects of Formation and Development of Professional Crime in Russia

The article examines the formation and development of professional crime in Russia, its tendencies and patterns of development, as well as the personality of a professional criminal, since the study of recidivism and professional crime and the fight against it are an important task of the state. The significance of this struggle is determined by the negative influence of repeat offenders and professional criminals on the reproduction of primary crime and thereby complicating the criminal situation in the country. The solution to this problem, despite the measures taken, is complicated by the non-homogeneity of the personality of professional criminals, the persistence of their antisocial behavior, the continuation of criminal activity and the spread of the criminal subculture. The purpose of the presented study is to consider the issues arising in this area concerning the formation and development of professional crime in Russia as a whole, its tendencies and patterns of development. Since this type of crime is isolated from the rest of the mass of crimes by such a rather important feature, such as the fact that not one person takes part in its manifestations, but a whole group of people, quite significant in terms of quantitative composition. Analyzing the connection of a professional criminal with an asocial environment, it becomes clear that a person who has embarked on a criminal path refuses generally accepted social norms of behavior. It acquires completely different features characteristic of a particular antisocial group. The systematic conduct of an antisocial way of life gives the criminal a psychological need to communicate with the environment that is close to his own idea of the way of life. On the other hand, the very existence of this environment often determines the further behavior of the criminal. It is in this environment that such persons find support, moral incentives and experience. The relationship of the criminal with the criminal environment is more clearly observed in the forms of his communication with others. He can be a member of a criminal group, visit places of gatherings of criminal elements, keep in touch with other criminals, etc. Only in the criminal environment do professional criminals find support and protection from both law enforcement agencies and the surrounding criminal environment. Based on the study, the author comes to the conclusion that professional crime is a relatively independent type of crime, which includes a set of crimes committed by professional criminals on the basis of special knowledge, experience and skills, which is stable and is a source of com of their livelihood.

criminology, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, professional crime, criminal professionalism