International legal aspects of gender verification in high performance sports


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The article addresses the issues of international legal regulation of the problem of gender verification, the feasibility of which is usually justified by the need to ensure fair competition in women's competitions. At present, we can talk about two areas of its implementation: universal, which is implemented by the International Olympic Committee as part of the general idea of protecting pure athletes and supporting them on the playing field and outside it, as well as special, that is, provided by specific sports federations. Raising the question of the legal validity of the documents they accept, the authors note that with regard to the norms contained in the IOC documents, it is determined by the generally recognized authority of the organization and the scope of their application, while the binding rules developed by sports federations follow from the general principles of self-regulation, which involves the submission to similar norms of all participants of a professional association due to the very fact of membership in it. In this case, the main trend of international legal reg The transfer of their final decision from the IOC to the level of federations, which are increasingly under pressure from human rights organizations and the position of the CAS, has made the identification of issues of gender verification in high achievement sports, which makes further legal regulation in this area very undefined.

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Sobre autores

Ksenia Mashkova

Moscow State Law University named after O.E.Kutafin

Email: kvmashkova@mail.ru
PhD at Law. Position: Head of Department. Department: international cooperation department.

Maria Borodina

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Academy of Postgraduate Education

Email: borodinam2006@yandex.ru
Dr of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor. Position: Head of Department. Department: Emergency department.

Vladimir Nikiforov

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Academy of Postgraduate Education

Email: v.v.nikiforov@gmail.com
Dr of Medical Sciences, Professor. Position: Professor. Department: Hygiene, epidemiology and infectious diseases department.

Mikhail Medvedev

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Academy of Postgraduate Education

Email: mmedved@list.ru
Dr of Medical Sciences, Professor. Position: Head of Department. Department: Ultrasound and prenatal diagnosis department.

Georgiy Suvorov

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Academy of Postgraduate Education

Email: ipk6019086@yandex.ru
Position: Vice-Rector on general affairs.

Sergey Zenin

Moscow State Law University named after O.E.Kutafin

Email: zeninsergei@mail.ru
PhD at Law, Associate Professor. Position: Director.

Bibliografia

  1. Mandates of the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice: Reference: OL OTH 62/2018 // URL: https://www.ohchr. org/Documents/Issues/Health/Letter_IAAF_Sept2018.pdf
  2. IOC Consensus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism, 2015 // URL: https://stillmed.olympic. org/Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/Medical_commission/2015-11_ioc_consensus_meeting_on_sex_reassign-ment_and_hyperandrogenism-en.pdf
  3. Statement of the Stockholm consensus on sex reassignment in sports (Sch 12.11.03) // URL: https://stillmed. olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/en_report_905.pdf
  4. Eligibility regulations for the female classification (athletes with differences of sex development). Monaco, 23 April 2018 //URL: https://www.documentcloud.org/docu-ments/4449932-IAAF-Eligibility-Regulations-for-the-Female.html
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  7. CAS 2014/A/3759Dutee Chandv. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations(IAAF) // URL: https://www.tas-cas.org/filead-min/user_ upload/AWARD_3759__FINAL___REDACTED _FOR_PUBLICATION_.pdf
  8. Алексеев С.В. Международное спортивное право. М.: Юнити, 2012. 895 с.
  9. Сохин Ю.Г. Олимпийская хартия как правовая основа функционирования МОК // Вестник РУДН. Сер. Юридические науки. 2003. № 2. С. 91-92.
  10. Nafziger James A. R., Ross Stephen F. Handbook on International Sports Law: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. 567 р.

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