Vol 12, No 5 (2019)

This article is the result of reflection, scientific understanding and analysis of the monographic study by M.B. Rumyantsev on the topic “Lawmaking in the Russian Federation”: monograph / M.B. Rumyantsev. (Cheboksary: Publishing house “Sreda”, 2019. - 324 p.). The author investigated the structure and content of this monograph. As a result, its methodology, theoretical and practical significance, main ideas of the author revealed. Thus, the author considered lawmaking as a complex generalizing science, emphasizing the regulatory nature of lawmaking as an institution of social relations and its complex multidimensional nature, which is considered as a process, activity and legal institution. The paper provides a scientific analysis of the principles of lawmaking, social responsibility of law, discusses the types of lawmaking and lawmaking mechanisms. On the basis of the methodology applied by the author, based on the objective and subjective predisposition of the processes and phenomena of the external world general and special research methods were applied; one of the conclusions of this article is made, containing the opinion that the work can be published as a peer-reviewed scientific monograph.

The article aims to reveal the peculiarities of formation of state security bodies in the Russian Empire throughout the XVIII-th century. The object of the study is political police forces of the Russian Empire existing in parallel or superseding sequentially: the Preobrazhenskiy department, the secret Chancellery, the Chancellery of secret crime detection and the secret expedition. The subject of the study is the reference legal basis of the activities of political investigation bodies, their structure, functions, authorities and methods of activity. Within the framework of the research methodology on the basis of a number of materials and sources, the author uses historical and legal, comparative legal and comparative historical methods, analyzes the process of development, formation and functioning of state security bodies in the Russian Empire in the XVIII-th century. The author presents the facts of intelligence and counterintelligence activities of the political police of the Empire. The author draws the conclusion that by the end of the XVIII-th century as a result of a rather complex and contradictory process of evolution the Russian empire had developed the forces whose main function was to ensure state security. However, in order to solve a number of domestic and foreign policy issues arisen by early XIX-th century it was necessary to create fundamentally new institutions of political investigation.

The article analyzes the correlation of public and private interests when imposing a state of emergency (in case of threats to the state’s security: attempts to change the constitutional system of the Russian Federation violently, riots and others), with the aim of achieving a balance in legal regulation and social justice. It justifies the legality and the need for a temporary restriction of the rights and freedoms of citizens affecting private interests. The purpose of this article is the scientific understanding and analysis of the legal means used in the introduction of a state of emergency. The task solved by the author is to determine the nature and identification of signs of the above varieties of legal regimes aimed at protecting public and private interests during the introduction of a state of emergency. The norms of federal legislation, the Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, containing exceptional regimes, acting as a kind of legal regimes, are analyzed. The author of the article used general scientific and special methods of cognition. A theoretical and legal study of the use of legal means in the introduction of a state of emergency will prevent violations and derogations of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, and will assist in lawmaking and law enforcement.

The article is a reflection and a review of the monograph of I.V. Ponkin and A.A. Ponkina «The rights of doctors» (2nd ed. Moscow, GEOTAR-Media, 2019). Based on the subjective-objective predetermination of events and phenomena of the external world the review shows the significance and relevance of this topic. The author investigates the quality of the indicated scientific monograph, shows its structure and its main advantages.

In the context of global competition in the market of new technologies, forecasting the prospects and risks of legal regulation of public relations is of great importance. The rapid increase in the legislation reflects the accelerating pace of social development. The redistribution of competencies, lowering the level of special norms in the hierarchy of sources of law, the use of regulatory guillotine tools are required. Moreover, social relations should develop harmoniously and efficiently, in a sound regulatory framework. Since the 1990s, the number of scientific articles on the procedure for civil circulation of virtual reality objects (cyberspace) has grown rapidly, ideas from which have passed into the legislation and judicial practice. Emphasis was placed not long time ago only on specific problems. Today legal scholars are discussing the issues of regulating relations on the Internet actively, not only within the framework of individual cases, but also from general philosophical perspective. In discussions about the need to classify digital rights as objects of Russian civil law, the legal community is divided: on the one hand, law is universal for the material world and for cyberspace. On the other hand, from a utilitarian point of view, the presence in the law of a special reference to digital rights will provide a correct guidance for law enforcement and also will accelerate trade by giving a positive signal to investors about the prospects in new markets. At the same time, judicial practice on digital rights is poor, but we can see from it the urgent need for the rapid development of the concept of digital rights in private and public relations.

The article analyzes the civil-law peculiarities of concluding an agreement on storage and protection of contractual relations arising during storage of large-size goods seized by customs authorities, the procedure for ensuring which is rather ambiguous. It identifies problems arising from the need to ensure special storage conditions for specified goods, at the conclusion of the contract by customs authorities with commercial companies and in situations of loss caused by the custodian. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors propose a number of measures aimed at protecting property interests and eliminating legal gaps, in particular, a legislative initiative for compulsory licensing of custodians is proposed.

The article considers the competence of the Society of Trustees on Prisons, which was in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the protection of His Imperial Majesty, who was entrusted with the administration (care) of all places of detention of the civil department of the Russian Empire.

The article analyzes the issues of liability for a terrorist act (article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and a deliberately false report on an act of terrorism (article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The issues of qualification of these crimes are considered, special attention is paid to their distinction between themselves and other related crimes.

The article discusses the problems associated with the concept of terrorism as a global threat to national security and to the world community as a whole. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to study terrorism as a global threat of our time. The authors aim to analyze the concept of terrorism as a social and legal phenomenon. The criminal code of the country in question on the problem under discussion. Special attention is paid to the study of statistical data on the current state of terrorist crime, its dynamics. Methodology and methods: the article uses the dialectical and historical method of research, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms that allow a better understanding of the concept of terrorism and a terrorist act. Conclusions: the problem of studying the concept of terrorism is relevant for Russian lawyers in order to conduct social and legal research and then use its results in reforming the Criminal Code of our country. Scope of results: this article may be of interest not only for students of higher educational institutions: bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying this area of criminal law, but this material may be of interest to teachers of law schools, can be used as a guide for the preparation of practical and seminar classes.

The article considers the problem of improving the incentive effect in relation to juvenile sentenced to imprisonment. This is seen as an effective means of corrective action and the prevention of repeated offenses. The authors analyze the law enforcement practice of educational colonies (Educational colonies), in which persons who have committed crimes at a minor age are serving a criminal sentence. The compliance of the domestic penal legislation with international legal standards for minors deprived of their liberty is determined. The effect of the principle of differentiation of the conditions of serving a sentence is shown. Statistics are provided. Based on the results of the study, the authors formulate proposals to amend the penal legislation regarding the application of incentive norms and institutions for juvenile offenders. It is proposed to legislatively regulate the transfer of convicts from educational colonies to a penal colony. It is also possible to reduce the term of serving a sentence of imprisonment in respect of positively characterized persons.

Throughout the development of society, there have always been people dissatisfied with the existing system, political and socio-economic situation in one or another territory. People took to the streets and expressed their opinions. Public speeches were not always positive. It so happened that with an increase in the number of participants, aggressiveness also increases, which leads to mass riots. In the article, the author made an attempt to give a criminal law characterization of Art. 212 of the Criminal Code, given the difficulties encountered in determining the composition of this crime.

The article discusses the experience of interaction between the institutions of the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and various subjects of crime prevention to ensure the re-socialization of persons released from prison. The practice of the activities of regional organizations of comprehensive rehabilitation and re-socialization of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty is shown.

The article presents the criminal law characteristics of the acquisition, storage, transportation, processing for the sale or sale of knowingly illegally harvested wood. The authors determined the object, the objective side, the subjects and subjective side of the crime, which is of particular interest in order to distinguish it from other criminal offenses and administrative offenses.

In article ways of improvement of the legislation in the sphere of counteraction to a turn of the property acquired in the criminal way are offered. Practical and theoretical aspects of need of establishment of criminal liability according to Article 175 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for professional pawnbrokers and also the persons acting in others interest are analyzed. On the basis of the carried-out analysis author's definition of the acquisition and sale which is obviously got in the criminal way which allows to take a broad view of the nature of the studied act more is formulated. The offered short stories are critically estimated in terms of efficiency of practical application and ability to make positive impact on protection of the developed public relations in the sphere of economic activity.

Criminal law protection of criminal proceedings participants is provided by judicial protection of their rights and freedoms in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. Human rights and freedoms are the primary and main value that is the object of the protection of legal norms, and criminal law norms in particular. Preventing encroachment on criminal proceedings participants’ lives presupposes realization of various kinds of measures, among which the main role in prevention is given to criminal law instruments.

In connection with the development of criminal law science and criminology, special attention will be paid to the study of the identity of the criminal. The identity of the offender is investigated to reveal the mechanism of criminal behavior; determining the causes of crime and measures to prevent it, etc. The identity of the recidivist is a special topic that requires close attention, due to the special public danger and the harmful consequences of criminal acts. In the article, the author made an attempt to study the main characteristics of the personality of the recidivist, as well as to determine the reasons that contribute to the commission of this category of criminals, socially dangerous acts.

The identity of the criminal is a special subject for the study of criminal law and criminology. In the process of researching the basic personal characteristics of a criminal, it is possible to determine the mechanism of criminal behavior, determine the causes of the crime, establish the grounds and limits of liability, and also determine measures to prevent deviant behavior. At the same time, law enforcement does not pay due attention to the individual characteristics of the personality of the criminal offender, the mechanism for the formation of terrorist motives, ideology and values, which undoubtedly affects the effectiveness of counter-terrorism activities. In this article, the author attempts to study the socio-psychological characteristics of the identity of the criminal offender.

The current geopolitical situation is characterized by anti-Russian, Russophobe sentiments in the world community. The article identifies the problem that in General is not quite acute at this stage, but in the absence of timely precautionary measures, including preventive ones, it can develop and have a negative impact on the internal political and socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation.

Purpose and tasks. Judgment of corruption and corruption crimes began in Russian science relatively recently, leaving until now debatable many terminological aspects, qualification signs of these phenomena. The Russian legislation also does not show uniform approach to their treatment. The purpose and tasks of this article consist in specification of specifics of crimes of corruption orientation in the context of such aspects as typology, structure and dangers of manifestation of different types of acts, the mechanism of realization of corruption crime. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed to define corruption crimes as the multidimensional phenomenon having complex structure and variable manifestations. On the basis of the analysis of standard approaches and studying of scientific sources the main qualifying signs of corruption crimes are systematized and substantially disclosed, their prevalence in the Russian society in the current conditions is studied. Special attention in article is paid to such type of crimes as bribery. Peculiar features of the identity of the criminal committing corruption crimes in the Russian Federation are marked out. Practical value and social consequences. The present article makes a contribution to specification of peculiar features and signs of the corruption crimes (latency, personal characteristics of subject structure, etc.) increasing in the current conditions complexity and variability of criminal actions and ways of leaving from criminal liability. Their accounting in practice will allow to increase production efficiency on similar affairs, identification and disclosure of situations of corruption. The analysis which is carried out by the author also allowed to allocate a number of the gaps existing in the field of legal regulation which elimination will promote further more effective definition of measures of anti-corruption and prevention of this negative phenomenon. Originality. The author reasons inexpediency of use of restrictive approach to interpretation of corruption crimes and their classification and also need of manifestation of system approach to their regulation and determination of specifics in the context of multiple elements, since entering of specifications into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, then harmonizing contents at the level of federal acts, departmental documents and recommendations. The author made the proposal on establishment of the exhaustive list of corruption crimes and their classification with a support on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation system and its sections. Need of leaving from extremely difficult formulations and lists to simpler is proved (differentiation on crimes in social, economic and political spheres) that, according to the author, will allow to simplify process of qualification of corruption crimes.

The presented article analyzed the possibilities of using non-traditional methods of obtaining information in evidence in criminal cases. On the basis of an analysis of investigative and judicial practice, the authors identify the improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation with regard to the detailed regulation of psychophysiological examinations using a polygraph as a promising direction for the development of modern criminal proceedings. The authors also conclude that the use of hypnosis and other achievements of parapsychology, astrology, telepathy and clairvoyance in criminal proceedings are unacceptable.

The purpose of this article is to consider ways of protection in criminal proceedings. The reason for writing the article was the lack of a Clear concept of means and methods of protection in criminal proceedings in the criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation. In the procedural literature, these concepts have different meanings. In this regard, sometimes in the procedural literature consider the means and methods of protection as identical concepts. However, they are different in content. With this in mind, this article gives the concept of methods and means of protection, as well as lists what should be attributed to the methods of protection and what to the means. The article can be used in the investigation and consideration of criminal cases. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that it gives some features of the means and methods of protection and the order of their differentiation.

A task. The article considers the issue of theoretical development of factors that must be taken into account when planning measures for judicial reform. The author pays special attention to a group of internal factors characterizing the internal structure of the law enforcement system, as well as determining the nature of the relationship of its elements. This approach will allow a broader look at the processes taking place inside the aforementioned bodies, which in many respects inhibit any progressive undertakings of the country's leadership. It should be noted that the terms “transformation” and “judicial and law enforcement activity” used in the article are considered as commonly used to develop tools for implementing a broad judicial reform. Findings. Having examined the extremely general key factors of the transformation of the judicial and law enforcement system, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to carry out further scientific research in order to determine the educational level of judges and law enforcement officials, study the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of their activities, and identify other complex problems that characterize the structure of these bodies. Particular attention should be paid to the ongoing processes of digitalization of the state apparatus. Having studied the financing conditions for law enforcement agencies, it was concluded that there has been a qualitative increase in investments in the organization of the law enforcement system from 2000 to the present. Scientific and practical value. The results of the study conducted by the author can be used to build models of judicial reform as part of a scenario analysis of the development of complex socio-economic systems. Originality. For the first time, taking into account the need to build scenarios for the development of the future judicial reform, the author analyzes the internal factors affecting the implementation of bills aimed at changing the judicial and law enforcement system. It is noted that the structure of this system in itself is a complex factor in its transformation, which should be taken into account when considering any options for changes in the organization of judicial and law enforcement activities.

Purpose This paper analyzes certain norms of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation and other normative legal acts regulating various issues related to ensuring the state of protection of subjects of criminal proceedings. The study of these norms in the legislation needs to identify gaps and other shortcomings, with the aim of developing and providing new legal remedies, which can eliminate the drawbacks and to improve the security of participants in criminal proceedings and other persons involved in this field, but does not have a specific procedural status. Methodology In the study, the author used a set of General scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, which include the following: system method, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparative legal, formal legal and others. Findings The author comes to the conclusion that the separate norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation investigated by him, connected with safety ensuring, have the gaps reducing degree of protection of subjects of criminal proceedings. These gaps can be eliminated by introducing the amendments proposed by the author to the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation and other normative legal acts. Originality / value This paper proposes to improve the Russian legislation. The new legal norms developed by the author can be applied by subjects of realization of the right in the sphere of criminal proceedings for increase of level of safety of its participants.

The article addresses the issues of international legal regulation of the problem of gender verification, the feasibility of which is usually justified by the need to ensure fair competition in women's competitions. At present, we can talk about two areas of its implementation: universal, which is implemented by the International Olympic Committee as part of the general idea of protecting pure athletes and supporting them on the playing field and outside it, as well as special, that is, provided by specific sports federations. Raising the question of the legal validity of the documents they accept, the authors note that with regard to the norms contained in the IOC documents, it is determined by the generally recognized authority of the organization and the scope of their application, while the binding rules developed by sports federations follow from the general principles of self-regulation, which involves the submission to similar norms of all participants of a professional association due to the very fact of membership in it. In this case, the main trend of international legal reg The transfer of their final decision from the IOC to the level of federations, which are increasingly under pressure from human rights organizations and the position of the CAS, has made the identification of issues of gender verification in high achievement sports, which makes further legal regulation in this area very undefined.

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning of the mechanism of genetic screening in Germany. It also provides a comparative analysis of prenatal diagnosis with other legal orders and examines the procedure of genetic consultation, which is an integral attribute for the productive implementation of the above methodology. A set of general- and particular-scientific methods was applied in the study, such as, first of all, systemic, statistical, comparative legal, structural and functional, as well as basic general logical methods of cognition. The theoretical part of the study is based on the works of S. Munne, D. Wells, M. Frommel, J. Taupitz, A. Ochsner, and others. The article highlights the peculiarities of legal regulation of the prenatal diagnosis procedure in Germany. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the legal regulation of genetic screening in Germany is characterized by a balanced and clear regulation of the procedure for its implementation. At the same time, there are certain exceptions to the general rule under which a ban on prenatal diagnostics is imperatively established, and the consent of the person plays a huge role, which limits the full medical freedom of action of the specialist doctor implementing this method. The results of the scientific research consolidated in this article show that the legal regulation of the prenatal diagnosis procedure requires further study.

The relevance of the research topic, which is devoted to some issues of protecting state sovereignty under globalization, is due to the fact that state sovereignty is influenced by globalization processes. State sovereignty is the basis of the constitutional system of any state. Therefore, the protection of sovereignty is the main task of any state under any conditions, in particular in the context of globalization. Globalization as an integral part of world development has its positive and negative aspects, in particular, it contributes to the strengthening of ties between states, the revitalization of international and non-governmental organizations, international corporations. On the other hand, globalization leads to a transformation of the ideological independence of the state, oblivion of the national values of the legal culture, and has a negative impact on the legal mentality of the people. Based on this, in the era of globalization, it is necessary to timely identify and eliminate the conditions and factors affecting the sovereignty of the state. The following legal measures are significant in solving this problem: a) the right to self-defense; b) voluntary entry into international associations and withdrawal from such associations; c) ratification and denunciation of international agreements; d) the application of sanctions against those that violate national laws; e) ensuring the regime of customs and state borders; f) the use of force and means of special institutions.

For modern Russia, the problem of information terrorism is quite a pressing issue, given that information, its collection, processing, transfer and storage have an extraordinary impact on political, social and spiritual life. In addition, information capacity has become such an effective tool for achieving the criminal objectives of powerful structures that threaten the national security of the State that it requires increased efforts and improved mechanisms to counter it. The main purpose of terrorism, as is known, is to achieve a wide public resonance and that it be learned (heard) as much as possible by the "people" and, of course, by the authorities - against whom threats and attacks are directed. As a result, there is a sense of fear and insecurity among the masses, and many are generally prone to panic, which inevitably leads to a loss of confidence in power, resulting in political instability. However, information terrorism has a special ability to influence public authorities through the use of communications to achieve its criminal objectives.

The religious factor as a dynamic system of religious and philosophical views is the main condition for the functioning of religious organizations. This article discusses a global problem that requires coordination of efforts of various states at the present stage is the fight against terrorism and religious and political extremism, which is becoming transnational in nature today [1]. As well as the theoretical aspects of the emergence and development of extremism are considered as two groups of factors affecting the development of modern religious fundamentalism. The first group refers to social being: the dysfunctional political, economic, environmental situation of most countries of the world causes fear of the future and creates uncertainty. The second group of reasons to relate to the spiritual sphere of society. A common understanding of the importance of counter-propaganda, especially in a modern format, is needed. In our opinion, it is necessary to lay funds in the budget for the training and education of specialists.

This article is devoted to urgent problems and features of the regulatory legal framework for the protection of personal data in the Russian Federation. A review and analysis of the functioning regulatory framework for the regulation of personal data in Russia is presented. Particular attention is required to the specifics of processing, storage and protection of personal data in the Ministry of the Interior. This topic seems relevant, since the personal data of individuals are classified as the most sensitive information requiring special measures of legal, technical and organizational protection.

Purpose The aim of the study is to develop the basic provisions that create the prerequisites for the formation and functioning of the national guard of foreign countries in the post-Soviet space. The article analyzes the main approaches of the states to the solution of the issue of the protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen. It is noted that the strengthening of public security is today a significant and important issue related to the sovereignty and stability of any state, which forces many countries to think about creating special services in the territory of their powers and to determine the direction of their activities. Methodology When writing the article, the author used formal legal, comparative legal methods, which allowed to identify problematic issues of the organizational and legal status of units of the National Guard of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, to clarify their powers and legislative framework. Findings Considering the creation and direction of the national guard units of neighboring countries, the author comes to the conclusion that the national guard units of the countries studied are mainly carried out by militarized units with the authority to protect national security in this area, but their experience in creating and the direction of activity is for our country both theoretically and practically significant and requires further reflection.

The author conducts a dissertation research for the degree of candidate of legal sciences on the topic of project and program-targeted management of internal affairs bodies to achieve socially significant results, the article presents some results of the theoretical stage of the study. The article discusses the approaches of various authors to the concept, essence, genesis of the emergence and practical implementation in the public sector by different countries of management theory based on the results (goals) to achieve the social significance of their activities. In the end, conclusions are drawn on the appropriateness of applying this concept.

In the article, based on the analysis of the variety of means of the stage of initiation of criminal proceedings, the problem of inclusion in the system of investigation of the preliminary stage is discussed. Its goals, content, specifics of the tasks to be solved, subjects of implementation, purpose are given

This article is devoted to the analysis of methods of partial forgery of documents, signs indicating the use of a particular method and the possibility of their detection in the framework of document inspection and preliminary research. The methods of studying were the regulatory legal acts governing the conduct of preliminary research, procedural documents, including a description of documents with signs of forgery, a comparative analysis. Studying ways to detect signs of forgery without the use of special equipment will make it possible to qualitatively improve the activities of police officers who verify documents in terms of determining whether there are grounds for detaining a person and seizing documents, and eliminate violations of the law in this area due to insufficient knowledge.

This article discusses some of the problems that arise when identifying and documenting crimes related to the sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in a non-contact manner. The main objective of the study is to consider emerging issues in the field of application of criminal law and operational search methods in identifying this category of crimes and develop practical proposals in order to form effective legal mechanisms to curb them. Recommendations are given on the methodology for detecting and combating crimes provided for in article 228.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the main stages and the procedure for documenting the facts of criminal activity related to the contactless sale of drugs, including organized criminal groups, are examined.

The rules of legal regulation of administrative responsibility in the field of traffic are constantly changing. They are so significant that they cannot be perceived without an interpretation of their basic elements. The article reflects the main problems that arise when appealing fines. Considerable attention is paid to the identification and analysis of the most common mistakes made by officials in the consideration of this category of cases. The author made an attempt to analyze the procedure for appealing fines for administrative offenses in the field of traffic, to identify the problem points of this process and to point out gaps in the legislation for further improvement of law enforcement practice.

Problem. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that while being representatives of public interests in various spheres of economy, health and security, executive bodies do not take into account that these areas are also covered by the interests of individuals. Based on provisions of the law and the positions of scientists, the author shows that such a relationship leads to the strengthening of executive authority’s role and limits private initiative. Conclusions and proposals. As an alternative, the author considers an approach involving the coordination of public and private interests in the activities of the executive authorities, concludes that the positive institutions of administrative law contribute such an implementation and proposes to consolidate this approach as one of the functional principles of the Executive. The novelty of the work is that the positive institutions of administrative law were not previously considered from these positions.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the status of military courts in the system of subjects of administrative jurisdiction.

The presented article is devoted to land reform, which in the history of our legislation was marked as the "peasant question". The article discusses the problem of land reform and provides a comparative analysis of legislative acts on the land of the Soviet and “white” governments during the years of the Civil War of 1918-1920. A historical digression of the analysis on this issue indicates a poorly studied topic in the framework of the historical and legal study of legislative transformation in Russia. The article identifies and analyzes the historical prerequisites and subsequent possibilities for resolving the "peasant issue" based on the legislation available at that time and the consequences of the peasant reform of 1861, which provided for a limited allotment of land to peasants, which, with the exception of a small allotment, was provided to peasants by paying redemption payments for 49 years, which additionally imposed a burden on peasant farms. The author analyzes the historical and legal trends in the development of land legislation. Particular attention is paid to the Land Decree, which met the requirements of the Marxist ideology on the elimination of private ownership of land, contained the beginnings that allowed the Bolshevik Party (Communist Party) to pursue an economic policy in the field of land relations in the interests of building socialism, focusing on the creation of collective forms housekeeping. In the article, the main problem of the "peasant question" is characterized by a weak study at the theoretical and practical level of normative support for the period after the events of October 1917. The analysis will provide an opportunity for the further development of theoretically sound conclusions and the expansion of the theoretical basis for further historical and legal research. The practical significance of the study, namely, the explanation of the difficulty of resolving issues of legal regulation with the land, is due to the possibility of applying the obtained results in the practice of historical assessment and accounting of consequences and in the educational process.

Public order in the state largely depends on the interaction of the police with the population, public organizations, as well as with the media. The author emphasizes that police officers are a special link in maintaining law and order. However, it should be borne in mind that the help of the population is very important. With the help of people, the police achieve results faster and more efficiently. Thus, the article determines the relevance and effectiveness of citizen participation in law enforcement in the Russian Federation.

This article analyzes the functions of law in the context of the development of the modern world community and the Russian state. The author comes to the conclusion that at present special legal functions of law are acquiring special significance, namely: regulatory and protective. At the same time, the need for their balance taking into account the development of the modern world community and the Russian state is noted.