No 10 (2016)

The present literature review discusses the problem of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), often occurring in physician’s practice. The questions of the prevalence of kidney damage after infarction, its complications, pathogenetic mechanisms of development, diagnosis, and modern approaches to therapy are considered. Particular attention is paid to biomarkers of kidney injury that may be useful for early diagnosis of AKI in clinical practice. The possibilities of therapy with cytoprotectors for the protection both myocardium and kidneys are analyzed.

This review presents the results of analysis of large epidemiologic and randomized clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of veno-active drugs for chronic vein diseases (CVD). Basic pathophysiological mechanisms and related manifestations of CVD are discussed in details. The authors note that in initial manifestations of CVD, convenience of use and price/quality criteria have a main influence on the choice of drug. In this regard, the preparation Aescusan, which contains a mixture of horse chestnut-derived triterpene saponins in combination with thiamine, is the best drug of choice. Taking into account the results of a large clinical study, which showed comparability of the therapeutic effect of Aescusan and compression therapy, Aescusan can be considered as a highly effective drag at different stages of CVD.

The number of changes in the organs and tissues is generally associated with aging. The article presents the analysis of changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics occurring in connection with aging, and recommendations for dosing of drugs in the treatment of elderly patients. It is emphasized that doctors of almost all specialties must study the basis of modern geriatric clinical pharmacology, evaluating the effects of various drugs especially on people of older age groups and searching for biologically active agents to protect from premature aging and maintain a normal level of activity of all systems.

Glycine is a well known neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Inhibitory effect of this amino acid is based on the activation of specific glycine receptor (GlyR), which is a ligand-dependent chloride channel on the surface of the neuronal membrane. It is known that change in the number of receptors on neuronal membrane represents an important aspect of neuroplasticity. However, the role of spatial location of receptors on the surface the membrane is not fully understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the relative distribution of GlyR on postsynaptic on the membrane surface on the formation of the spatial gradient of chloride ions into the neuronal endings. To achieve this aim, computer modeling of nonsteady concentration gradients of chloride ions occurring near the postsynaptic membrane of the glycinergic synapse after the opening of glycine receptor channels was performed. For modeling of human postsynaptic neuronal ending, virtual scaled phantom was used. It is shown that predominant localization of GlyR in the central part of the postsynaptic membrane leads to stable increased concentration of chloride ions compared with synapses with stochastic or peripheral distribution of receptors. The spatial distribution of the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, along with their number, determines the amplitude of local variation of the ion concentration in the neuron.

The article presents experimental data on the content of serotonin and trace elements and macronutrients involved in its metabolism in the brains of newborn rats under the conditions of antenatal hypoxia and its biochemical correction with complex containing magnesium lactate and pyridoxine (LM/R). Uteroplacental insufficiency has no significant effect on the biogenic amine levels, but causes violations of the mineral status which can significantly change serotonin metabolism. Application of LM/R under the condition of hypoxia leads to a change in the content of serotonin and trace elements and macronutrients, which has a neuroprotective effect on brain cells.

The article presents the results of the evaluation of clinical-physiological and clinical-psychological effects of drugs Spascupreel and Spigelon in case of their combined use in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH). It is shown that the use of combination of these drugs in initiating therapy for 120 minutes significantly reduces the severity of cephalgic syndrome in two main forms of CDH - chronic tension-type headache with pericranial muscle dysfunction and chronic headache with compensated arterial hypertension.

The article presents the results of the comparative evaluation of dissolution kinetics of two cefixime preparations - Suprax Solutab® and Pancef®. The data indicate that the dissolution kinetics of Pancef® is not equivalent to that of the Suprax Solutab® at pH values of 1.2; 6.8 and 7.2. In this regard, the use of generics in certain situations may be accompanied by an increased risk of clinical failure and an increase in antibiotic resistance.