No 11 (2016)

The review is devoted to the evaluation of preventive and therapeutic action of probiotics, the main component of which is representative of a normal human microbiota, from the perspective of new scientific technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics). The article presents modern terms, definitions, classification of probiotic strains; most of the mechanisms of action of probiotics on the human body are analyzed. Along with the detailed characteristics of most efficient manufacturing probiotic strains, the problem of safety of probiotics is discussed. The analysis of new scientific technology to assess the probiotic effects of bacteria on a variety of host functions is proposed. The review focused on the discussion of the effectiveness of probiotics effects in chronic infectious and metabolic pathologies (atherosclerosis, lipid distress syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and others.); they have prominent manifestation in dysbacteriosis on a background of pervasive disturbances of normal microbiota. The article emphasized that new technologies allow scientists to establish the function of proteins that regulate metabolic and signaling pathways, as well as to influence the implementation of the gene expression required for the adaptation of probiotic strains during contact with the human body. It is shown that the successful solution of this problem is closely connected with the use of new scientific techniques for the evaluation of the human microbiota composition and functions, methods of active influence on microbiota, as well as development of perfect-quality and effective probiotics.

Inflammatory ocular surface diseases (frontal ocular surface) are considered as the most common cause for visiting ophthalmologists. Among bacterial eye diseases, conjunctivitis accounts for up to 68.1% (according to the data of outpatient visits to the Department of Infectious and Allergic Diseases of the Eye MSRIED n.a.Helmholtz for 2000-2012). Modern strategic direction for antibacterial therapy of conjunctivitis includes the use of new antibiotics, such as quinolones, due to a little number of resistant strains. Attention should be paid to the intensification of the action of drugs: forced administration, the use of ophthalmic sustained-release forms, the use of complex products and drugs with combined action, as well as methods of administration of drugs using magnetophoresis, phonophoresis, and electrophoresis. Differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis is necessary, especially in young children, because these diseases require different approaches to treatment. Also, special attention should be paid to the necessity and validity of antibacterial therapy in different clinical forms of conjunctivitis. Modern knowledge of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and experience are complex concepts, but individual approach is the basis of the effective treatment of inflammatory eye diseases in children.

Fever and pain in children are accompanied by tearfulness, loss of appetite, fatigue, and increased risk of seizure activity, which leads to frequent off label use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Such pharmacotherapy is often accompanied by an increased risk of side effects and can lead to a prolongation of the underlying disease. The use of antihomotoxic drugs, such as Viburcol, with proven efficacy and safety, reduces the risk of side effects, the frequency of off label drug use and promotes biologically appropriate physiological processes of autoregulation.

The article describes the experience of the use of valproic acid for parenteral administration in the intensive care unit of general pediatric hospital. 93 patients with prolonged epileptic seizures and status epilepticus were observed in the ICU within 6 months. Majority of admitted patients were diagnosed with epilepsy (77%), other patients had different somatic diagnoses. Valproic acid in the form of a solution for parenteral administration was used for the treatment of status epilepticus in 94.5% of cases. The drug proved to be easy to use (with no dilution), a very efficient, and had a favorable safety profile.

The study included 60 children with mild-stage mixed-type bronchial asthma (BA) and with repeated acute respiratory infections (ARI) more than 6 times per year. 40 children were diagnosed with pollinosis. ARIs were accompanied by BA exacerbations. BA diagnosis has been confirmed, all children underwent examination of respiratory function (ERF), skin tests and evaluation of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Disturbances of respiratory function were detected in 30 children. Total IgE levels ranged from 100 to 250 IU/ m; sensibilization was identified: in 30 children - to the tree pollens, in 10 - to the pollen of weeds, in 50 children - to indoor allergens. The children received course of treatment (salmeterol plus fluticasone, mometasone, montelukast) during BA exacerbation; 30 children received inosine pranobex in the acute phase of ARI and BA exacerbation, 30 children - background therapy. Use of inosine pranobex in the acute phase of ARI in children with mild-stage mixed-type BA had a favorable safety profile, does not lead to an increase in total IgE levels, increased the synthesis of interferon у and a, and also reduced the incidence of recurrent disease ARI and BA exacerbations during 6 month follow-up.

The article presents the results of use of herbal drug (Traumeel S) for the correction of complications of borderline states and treatment of consequences of chronic intrauterine hypoxia under the control of the microcirculatory blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry Improvement of borderline states in high-risk groups of newborns during the elimination of consequences of chronic intrauterine hypoxia and reduction of severity of neurological deficits in newborns in acute period was established, that was confirmed be optimization of microcirculatory blood flow in children treated with Traumeel S.

The article presents the results of examination of breast in children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years who were seeking medical advice in a specialized breast service of the FSAI SCCH of RMH (n=872). Violations of the breast structure and pathological changes in its structure are often caused by hormonal disorders in children and adolescents. Timely diagnosis of hormone-dependent disorders allows correcting and treating patients, keeping reproductive health. Ultrasound is the main direction in the examination and detection of breast structure pathology.

The evaluation of the epidemic process of AII in the Tyumen region was carried out according to official records and reports of Rospotrebnadzor Department in the Tyumen region from 1993 to 2014. Given the highly contagiosity of rotavirus infection (RVI), prevention program of RVI vaccination was developed in order to reduce the incidence of RVI in infants and prevention of mortality. Specific prophylaxis of RVI using pentavalent RotaTeq live vaccine in combination with other vaccines recommended by regional immunization schedule was carried out in 1000 children. Comparative analysis of RVI incidence and in 1-2-year-old children in children’s polyclinics, where prevention program was implemented, showed a downward trend during the period of seasonal pick of infection. High safety and efficacy profile of immunization program with RotaTeq is demonstrated.