No 14 (2018)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in clinical practice. The early-onset AD is difficult to diagnose due to its rare occurrence. This article presents an up-to-date review of data on the incidence, pathomorphology of the brain, clinical picture, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of early-onset AD. Particular attention is paid to the genetic aspects of AD with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Background. The consequences of cerebrovascular disorders have significant impact on the quality of life of patients. An important aspect of the possibility of self-maintenance and self-efficacy of stroke patients includes the preservation of cognitive functions, as well as hand functions, first of all, fine hand motor skills. Objective. Evaluation of the effect of the BCCIHE simulator (brain-computer-controlled interface for hand exoskeleton) with kinesthetic and visual feedback on improving/restoring the functional activity of the upper limb in daily activities, as well as possible causes of non-use of the upper limb with intact motor characteristics. Methods. The current analysis included 29 patients with a similar severity of neurological deficits. BCCIHE simulator with kinesthetic and visual feedback was used in the study. Results. The use of BCCIHE simulator with kinesthetic and visual feedback as part of the complex rehabilitation of patients of the main group who interacted with the neurointerface in the active paradigm has led to the significant improvement of upper limb’s motor activity, mainly due to the restoration of its proximal parts, and improvement of motor control during active actions. Conclusion. The use of the BCCIHE simulator complex with kinesthetic and visual feedback as a part of rehabilitation measures has a positive effect not only on the isolated restoration of physical activity, but also on the expansion of daily activity indicators by improving the quality of movements performed bimanually.

The article presents the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of polyneuropathy (PNP) - a widespread lesion of the peripheral nervous system. The potentials for the use of thioctic acid as a pathogenetically justified, safe and effective method in PNP are discussed.

Back pain is one of the most frequent complaints of elderly patients, but until recently this problem did not attract proper attention. In part, this is true: at least one episode of back pain occurs within a year in 30-50% of patients older than 70 years. However, the clinical relevance of back pain in the elderly is more significant. In the context of more frequent comorbid conditions and lower socioeconomic status, it has a more negative impact on the quality of life, restricts mobility and independence in daily activities to a greater extent, and is an immediate factor that increases the risk of falls, and causes a persistent fear of movement due to ability to fall and be injured, which closes the vicious circle of inactivity. In conditions of low mobility and limited pharmacotherapy, the tendency to chronization of pain syndrome is increasing.