Analysis of ice cuttings collected during drilling of the snow-firn layer at Vostok station

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Resumo

The size and shape of the ice cuttings influence the choice of drilling regimes, as well as the design of drilling heads, augers, chip chambers, and internal drilling channels. To collect ice chips, two boreholes, VK-22 (30 m) and VK-23 (40 m), were drilled at Vostok station. Sieving was used to analyze the particle size distribution of the ice cuttings at full depth in both boreholes. The shape of the ice particles was examined microscopically at drilling depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 m of VK-23. The density of the snow-firn layer and the bulk density of ice cuttings were measured. The ice cuttings became finer-grained as the borehole depth increased. The prevailing fraction changes from 1.6–3 mm to 0.4–0.63 mm, the average particle diameter reduces from 1.55 mm to 0.06 mm, and the D10, D50, and D90 values decrease more than twice. The shape analysis revealed that the ice chips are dominated by equant and elongated particles, with medium shape projections described by parameters FF = 0.74 and ER = 0.67. A visual comparison of microscopic images shows that the thickness of the ice cuttings decreases as the depth of the well increases.

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Sobre autores

D. Vasilev

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: Vasilev_da@pers.spmi.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

I. Rakitin

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Email: Vasilev_da@pers.spmi.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

S. Ignatev

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Email: Vasilev_da@pers.spmi.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

A. Bolshunov

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Email: Vasilev_da@pers.spmi.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

A. Ozhigin

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Email: Vasilev_da@pers.spmi.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Snow-firn layer density profile in Vostok station area (a); dependence of bulk density of ice cuttings on borehole depth (b); 1 – data obtained from VK-22 borehole (blue circles); 2 – data obtained from VK-23 borehole (red triangles); 3 – confidence interval ±2 SEM (blue shading); dependence of the rate of penetration on the density of the snow-firn layer (c)

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3. Fig. 2. Size parameters of ice particles, obtained from VK-22 and VK-23 boreholes. Data, obtained from different depths are indicated by colors and symbols in accordance with the legend on the charts: smoothed differential curves of particle size distribution (a); cumulative curves of particle size distribution (b); dependence of the values of percentiles D10, D50, D90 and weighted average particle diameter Dw on the borehole depth (c)

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the weighted average diameter Dw on the rate of penetration and the density of the snow-firn layer (a); dependence of the percentile D50 on the rate of penetration and the density of the snow-firn layer (b)

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution of ice cuttings shape parameters values

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6. Fig. 5. Types of ice cuttings shapes: equant (a); rounded (b); elongated (c); rod (d)

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7. Fig. 6. 0.63–0.8 mm ice particles sampled at the different drilling depths (a); visual representation of ice cuttings dimensions approximation based on drilling depths; 1 – 5 m; 2 – 30 m (b)

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