Том 9, № 6 (2019)

The article examines the multidimensional nature of populism, the problems of defining this phenomenon, raises the issues of populism as an ideology, discursive style, political strategy. The article also outlines the prospect for the study of this sphere of public relations.

The article considers the essence of the Big Data concept, analyzes the social-political aspects of the Big Data application both in exploratory activity and political action. The area of strengths and weaknesses of Big Data as a tool of political scientists and political strategists is revealed. The importance of Big Data in electoral technologies, political decision-making, and the formation of social-economic policy, the provision of public and municipal services are carried over for consideration. The main social-political challenges and risks arising from technology utilization are analyzed: digital inequality, media monopoly, interference with private life, manipulation of social consciousness.

In this article, censorship is studied through political analysis as one of the most efficient defense tools in the information confrontation. For instance, some bans in the entertainment industry do not allow some topics and ideas to leak into the country, but at the same time they also make it impossible to develop some promising industries such as the movie industry that generates huge incomes, offers quality leisure to the population and creates additional jobs. The author considers how censorship in its various manifestations affects the viability of movie industry. In order to achieve that he gives a brief analysis of the film industry in the Soviet Union where movie industry thrived despite of a powerful censorship apparatus. The article also provides an example of the Chinese film industry, which is the second movie industry in the world, even though censorship is an indispensable element of the Chinese film industry regulation. In the final part of the article, the author considers how nowadays Russian state strengthens the administrative mechanisms of the management of the movie industry and how this affects the film market in the country.

The article is devoted to the study of the terrorist organization «Islamic Jihad Group». The author analyzes the versions of its origin, the transformation of strategic priorities. Much attention is given to the relations of «Islamic Jihad Group» with other groups. The author notes that the vagueness of the jihadist ideological base creates opportunities for the modification of the terrorist groups. The author hypothesizes that the terrorist structures are created with a given life cycle. The author comes to the conclusion that the «Islamic Jihad Group» retains its destructive potential.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze a set of legal norms that governed the foreign trade of Kievan Rus and Russian lands during the period of political disintegration with foreign countries Methodology. The following research principles - historicism, objectivity, interconnection and interdependence of state-legal phenomena - were used as the methodological basis of the work; the comparative legal method, a concrete historical approach, as well as analysis and abstract methods were used in the work. Conclusions. The study allows us to conclude that the legal norms that served as the basis for foreign trade between Russian and foreign merchants were mainly contained in various international treaties that were concluded by Kievan Rus from ancient times, and then by individual Russian lands with foreign states in a period of political disintegration. A number of provisions of international treaties governing various aspects of the foreign trade activities of Kievan Rus, and then of the Russian lands during the period of political disintegration, had significant similarities with the legal norms of Old Russian law. At the same time, international treaties also included legal norms that were the result of an agreement between the parties and which aimed to regulate the mutual interests of both Russian and foreign merchants. Practical significance. The conclusions on the historical experience of the legal regulation of foreign trade of Kievan Rus and Russian lands during the period of political disintegration with foreign countries can be used in the teaching of legal disciplines.

The arrangement in consumer bankruptcy is an alternative solution to the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate and establishing a repayment plan. The consumer arrangement in bankruptcy proceedings can be contained in different formats. The regulation of the arrangement in consumer bankruptcy is based on Article 49122 and 49123 of Bankruptcy Law Act and a storied reference to the provisions on the arrangement in bankruptcy proceedings (Article 266a of Bankruptcy Law Act) and on the arrangement under the Restructuring Law. The legislator proposed one more way of debt relief by entering into an arrangement at a meeting of creditors. This solution provides that the debtor, with the help of a professional entity - court supervisor, will come to an arrangement with creditors with the appropriate application of the provisions of the Restructuring Law. This text presents the formal procedure for opening proceedings to approve the arrangement. The study presents the requirements for entering into an arrangement at a meeting of creditors, the effects of the arrangement, as well as issues related to the change in the arrangement

The article examines the provision of article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of its guarantee. At the same time, numerous laws establishing the social rights of Russian citizens are analyzed. However, for many of them, examples of their permissible enforcement are given, which negate the implementation of the claimed social rights. The conclusion about inadmissibility of such situation and necessity of introduction of changes and additions in the legislation is formulated.

The purpose of this study is to study the personality of a juvenile violent offender, whose criminological portrait is based on the knowledge of the system of sex, age, educational, cultural traits, as well as the analysis of value orientations. The effective prevention of crimes depends, in many respects, on the study of the identity of the offender, since it is in it that the root causes leading to the Commission of illegal acts are laid. The use of the author in General and special methods of research allowed to make a row, due to the specific character of adolescent criminal acts, conclusions: need for a differentiated approach to the study of the person of a minor violent criminal; one gets the portrait of a minor under the influence of a number of factors. The article also confirms the possibility of predicting the future behavior of a minor who has committed a violent crime, through the development and application of special preventive measures of an individual nature.

The goal of the task. The court, the judge in criminal proceedings are the Central figures ensuring achievement of its appointment, implementing the principle of social justice. Speaking on behalf of the state, the court, the judge are called to demonstrate its main priorities in the regulation of public relations in the presence of criminal law conflict. The high purpose of judicial bodies can be realized only in the presence of sufficient and effective legal, procedural means, among which, first of all, the legislative formulation of competence should be referred. The purpose of this article is to focus the attention of the scientific community on the problem of historical continuity of modern criminal procedure regulation of the competence of the court, judge. The objectives of the retrospective study are to identify the existing platform and provide a new look at the essence, nature, content of the procedural competence of the court, judge in criminal court proceedings, their legislative improvement in accordance with modern realities. Methodology: in the course of the study, various General and private scientific research methods were used: historical, systematic, logical, functional and structural analysis, comparison, formalization, etc. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the following conclusions were formulated. 1. The resolution of the question of guilt or innocence of the defendant acts as a traditional interpretation of the content of the competence of the court. The recognition by society, the state and the individual of such values as human rights and the increasing need for their proper protection and protection leads the Russian state to an unequivocal desire to develop judicial procedures that protect the fundamental rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of man and citizen, expanding the procedural competence of the judge, the court and giving them appropriate procedural powers. 2. The historical dynamics of changes in the legal (procedural) position of the court, judge in criminal proceedings in two directions is clearly traced: - expansion of procedural competence. This is evidenced, in particular, by the inclusion in the competence of the court of those issues that at a certain historical stage were considered by other administrative bodies or criminal prosecution bodies; - the exclusion from procedural competence of a number of issues not covered by modern notions of justice, for example, trial. 3. In the historical development of the criminal procedural content of the competence of the court and the judge, the following stages can be distinguished: 1864-1917 - the period of formation of the judiciary as an independent branch of government in the state;1917-1934.;1934 to 1956 (58).;1958 - 1991;1991 - present. The concept of the procedural jurisdiction of the court, judges fundamentally changed: increased volume of questions put on the permission of the court, restricting the constitutional rights of citizens, seized the issues that testified on the implementation of the prosecution in the court. 4. Historical research has demonstrated the existence of the Russian tradition to consider the court as an active, independent and initiatory participant in criminal proceedings, whose activities are inextricably linked to the establishment of significant facts and circumstances. However, the content of modern legislation testifies to the multidirectional regulation of this part of the judicial competence, which creates significant obstacles in the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings in General. Possibility of further use: the Obtained results form the basis for the continuation of scientific discussions in terms of the development of the doctrine of judicial competence, the procedural position of the court in criminal proceedings. The results obtained and proposed for publication can be useful in optimizing the legislation of the Russian Federation, judicial and investigative practice, as well as be used in teaching relevant training courses in the field of "Jurisprudence" (bachelor's, master's, postgraduate). Practical importance lies in deepening and concretization of modern scientific knowledge in the sphere of procedural competence of the court, judge in criminal proceedings and allow to solve interrelated problems of legislative, investigative and judicial activities. The social significance of the results of the study is manifested indirectly by optimizing the procedural position of the court in criminal proceedings, which will bring to a qualitatively new level the protection of constitutional rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings. The value of the study and the results obtained is due to the author's contribution to the deepening of theoretical knowledge about the criminal procedural competence of the court, the judge, the definition of modern prospects for its improvement. The work is intended for researchers and practitioners, students of law schools, graduate students, applicants.

In the presented article the ideals of reflexivity and agency of individuals in the educational process are justified based on the analysis of key concepts of Freire`s dialogical pedagogy. It is shown that the educational paradigm, which develops within the neoliberal discourse, does not solve the task of fostering creativity and critical thinking - competencies, which are highly demanded by society. The author substantiates the idea that the way to overcome the limitations of the instrumental approach to education is in applying the principles of dialogical pedagogy to educational relations, as, according to Freire, the investigation of students` thinking is one of the key aims of education. The Freire`s method of «generative themes» is considered as a way to overcome the standardized and depersonalized nature of learning. The importance of the idea of subjectivity of individuals for understanding the educational tasks is emphasized, as a condition for the implementation of intentions of consciousness, realizing of life scenarios. It is concluded that the principles of Freire`s dialogical education have universal significance and, therefore, can be applied in the field of adult education in different socio-cultural contexts.

The article investigates the historical and methodological foundations of hybrid wars. The author identifies the idea that hybrid war is a set of certain violent and nonviolent methods of modern warfare, which took place initially taking into account the economic development and military capabilities of a particular era. We conclude that the use of hybrid warfare as a strategic tool of foreign policy will continue to be used as a «soft power» against Russia and therefore the country needs to be in constant readiness, developing principles and specific ways of counteraction in response to the maintenance of such action until the real military threat.

Techniques of solving social problems through troublehacking, which is understood as a methodology for improving systems or, in a broad sense, a research program of social processes, have been explored in the article. The Algorithm for Effective Problem Solving (AEPS) is the basic method of troublehacking. It is a universal system seeking for the most effective way to achieve the goal. The algorithm is based on system analysis, risk theory, and tools of the theory of solving inventive technical problems. The paradigm of self-sustainable and developing systems is the philosophical and methodological ground of troublehacking, provided that the system is self-organizing, and its level of consciousness is high to such extent that it is able to control this process.