The Government Relations (GR) cluster in the system of business and government relations in modern Russia: technological and procedural aspects

In this publication, the author attempts to comprehensively disclose leading GR-technologies and describe the procedural aspect of relations between government and business in the Russian political order. Methodology is based on clustering methods, definition analysis, case study, historical retrospective, legal dogma, comparison and comparison. The author identifies the following ways of participation of the business community in GR-relationships: structural pressure (subordination of decisions of public authorities to the actions of economic actors), including the formal incorporation of business representatives into the state apparatus, instrumental pressure (conclusion of one-time formal and informal agreements), including the “exchange” of funds for preferences from interested officials, financial pressure (monopolization of significant assets or property rights in the hands of large business and/or the establishment of extensive majority control over such resources), the activities of legal business associations, unions, associations and self-regulatory organizations, pressure through saturation of the state budget. In conclusion, obstacles are indicated that impede or hinder the full institutionalization of government relations practices as an independent type of management: the lack of legislative permission to conduct professional lobbying activities, the habit of large managers to the so-called manual management, which pushes them to personal involvement in establishing contacts with civil servants, lack of professional GR-managers with an expert and analytical bias.